Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 01.djvu/158

ADELPHI THEATRE. ADELPHI THE'ATRE. A theatre on the Strand. London, more fully designated the Royal Adelphi Theatre. It dates from 1806, but was rebuilt on a larger scale in 1858. It was known chiefly for its melodramas and farces.

ADEXTHOS, or ADEL'PHI. The latest of the si.x; extant comedies of Terence (q.v.). It was produced in l(iO B.C. at the funeral games of L. ^'Emilius Paulus, and was derived chiefly from the 'AiSfXjio/, Adelphoi ("Brothers") of Menander, but also in part from the 'Zvranod- V7iaKovTc(, Synapothtitskontes ("Dying Togeth- er") of Diphilus. M_pli&re is said to have owed to it the idea of his Ecole dcs maris.

ADELSBERG, ii'dels-berK ( Sloven. Pa5?o/na). A small market town of the Austrian crown- land of Carniola, about 50 miles east-northeast of Triest by rail. It is famous for its wonder- ful stalactite cavern, the largest in Europe and one cf the finest known. It may be explored for more than two miles, and is penetrated for about 800 yards by the river Poik. which then dis- appears in the bowels of the earth. The cav- ern consists of several different chambers. The largest is the Franz Josef and Elisabeth grotto. 223 yards in length by 214 yards in breadth. The stalactite and .stalagmite forma- tions are particularly notable for their beauty and variety.

ADELUNG, ii'de-lung, Friedrich von (1768- 1843). A German philologist. He was born at Stettin, studied philosophy and jurisprudence at Leipzig, went later on to Russia, and was tutor to the grand duke, later Czar Nicholas. In 1824 he was appointed director of the Oriental Insti- tute, at St. Petersburg, and in 1825 president of the Academy of Sciences. He is chiefly known for his researches respecting foreign sources for Russian history, the most important results of which are embodied in the Kritisch-littcrarische Uebersicht der Reisenden in HussUiiid his 1700 { 1846 ) . He also wrote on Sanskrit language and literature such volumes as Yersuch einer Litteratur drr hitinskritsprache (1830).

ADELUNG, .Joii.vNN Christoph (1732- 1806). A distinguished German linguist and lexicograplier. He was born at Spantekow, Pomerania: was a journalist and autlior at Leipzig from 1761 to 1787, and from 1787 until his death chief librarian of the Electoral library at Dresden. He is principally known for his historico-critical studies of the German language. His chief works are his Wiirterbuch der hoch- dcutscJwn Miindtirt (Dictionarv of High Ger- man, 1774-1S02). in which he took Dr. .Tohnson as his model, and his Ueber den deutschen S'til (17SO-8U).

ADEMP'TION (Lat. adimere, to take away). The destruction of a legacy either by voluntary act of the testator, or by loss or destruction of the thing bequeathed. The term is properly used only in connection with legacies, although it is sometimes used interchangeably with ad- vancement (q.v.), and some courts" also treat the term as synonymous with satisfaction. If a testator in loco parentis, before his death, made a gift to his legatee of the same kind as the legacy, the presumption is that the gift was made as part of, or in place of, the legacy; and it is. therefore, adeemed pro tanto. Specific legacies may be adeemed by the sale or aliena- tion of the property bequeathed, or by its loss or destruction, and general legacies may be adeemed by lack of sufficient assets to pay them. See article Leg.cy.

ADEN, ii'dcn or a'den. A peninsula and town near the southwestern end of Arabia, situated in lat. 12° N., and long. 45° 5' E., and connected with the mainland by a narrow sand.v isthmus (Map: Asia, 7). In a broader 'sense the name of Aden is applied to the whole British territory in that part of Arabia, which includes, besides the peninsula and the isthmus, also ,a small strip of territory on the mainland with a total area of about 75 square miles. The penin- sula proper is of volcanic origin and reaches in the peak of Jebel Shan-shan an altitude of 1775 feet above the sea. The climate of the region is healthful, but the scarcity of rain makes the cultivation of the soil impossible, so that all the necessaries of life have to be imported. Water is obtained partly from the wells within the crater in which the town of Aden is situated, and partly from the hills, where it is collected dur- ing the rainfall and conducted into cisterns. The town of Aden is strongly fortified. The most populous settlements are Steamer Point and Shaikh Othman on the mainland. There are two harbors, but only one of them. Aden Back Bay, on the western side of the peninsula, is of any commercial importance. Owing to its favorable location, Aden was of considerable Importance already in Roman times, when it was an entrepot for the trade between the Roman Empire and the east. In the beginning of the sixteenth century it was taken by the Portuguese, who were suc- ceeded by the Turks in 1535. From the seven- teenth century until the British occupation, Aden was under the rule of the Sultan of Sena and some native chiefs. In 1839 it was captured by the British as a punishment for the maltreat- ment to which the crew of a shipwrecked British vessel had been subjected by the natives in 1837. Together with the island of Perim, Aden con- stitutes a dependency of the Bombay presidency, and is now regarded as a very important coaling station. The population of Aden, which was at one time reduced by internal disorder to less than 1000, is now over 41,000, and the import trade amounted to over $16,000,000 in 1898-99, while the value of the exports for the same year was about $13,000,000. The chief articles of export are coffee, gums, hides, skins, piece goods, and tobacco. The administration of the territory is in the hands of a political Resident, who is also the military commander. An extensive territory in Arabia, officially reckoned a British protector- ate, the Somali coast, and the island of Socotra are administrated from Aden. Consult: F. M. Hunter, Aden (London, 1877).

ADENEZ, a'd' nfi', or ADANS LE ROI, a'diiN' Ic rwii', also written Adenks and Adenet. A trouv&re of the thirteenth centurv. He is first known as a minstrel at the court of Henry III., Duke of Brabant, whose reign ended in 1261. Later he was for a time in the service of Guv de Dampierre, Count of Flanders : then he went to France, where he was in high favor with thf royal family. His surname of le Roi is commonly understood to have come from the authority which he exercised as leader of the minstrels at the Brahantine court. His greatest work is the Ch'omndrs (of which an edition was published in two volumes, Brussels. 1863-66), a long poetical romance. Previously he had written, on the