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ACKNOWLEDGMENT. validity to the deed have been complied with. Such an examination and certificate is a quasi- judicial act, and can be impeached and invalided only for fraud. Judges, clerks of courts, mayors, notaries public, commissioners of deeds, and jus- tices of the peace are authorized in most States to take acknowledgments. The laws of the State in which the acknowledgment is to be used de- termine its sufficiency. For forms of acknowl- edgments consult Hiibbell, Lrgal Directory for Lawyers and Business Men (New York, revised annually). See the authorities referred to under Deeh.

AC'LAND, Christian Henrietta Caroline ( 1750-1815) . Commonly known as Lady Harriet Acland, the wife of John Dyke Acland, an Eng- lish officer in the American revolution. She was married in 1770, and in 1776 accompanied her husband, then commander of grenadiers, to Amer-

ACLINIC LINE. ica, and with him endured most of the hard- ships of the Burgoyne campaign. Major Acland became dangerously ill in Canada, but was nursed back to health by her, and was again tenderly cared for by her after being wounded in the battle of Hubbardton (July 7, 1777). In the second battle of Saratoga (October 7, 1777) he was severely wounded and became a prisoner in the hands of the Americans. Lady Acland, hearing of this, bravely entered the American camp, where she was received v.-ith the utmost courtesy. She rejoined her husband at AUiany, and nursed him until his wounds had healed, when she returned with liim to England. IMajor Acland died in 1778, as the result of a cold con- tracted while fighting a duel to vindicate the courage of the Americans, and Lady Harriet, contrary to the usual accounts, did not marry again. Consult: Stone, Skcteh of Lady Harriet Acland, in Hallads and Poems liclating to the Burgoyne Campaign (Albany, 1893).

ACLAND, Sir Henry Wentworth Dyke (1815-1900). An English physician. He was born at Exeter and was educated at Oxford. He was one of the founders of the Oxford University Museum, and in 1859 published, with Ruskin, an account of the aims of that institution. He accompanied the Prince of Wales to America in 1860. In 1894 he tendered his resignation as regius profes.sor of medicine at O-xford, which position he had occupied since 1858. His more important publications included the Memoir on the Visitation of the Cholera in Oxford in lS5.!i, and Village Health (1884).

ACLAND, John Dyke. See Acland, Chris- TiA.x Henrietta Caroline.

ACLIN'IC LINE (Unbending, unwavering, from Gk. d, a, priv.+ KA/wn', klincin, to incline). This is an imaginary line around the earth be- tween the tropics where the magnetic needle has no inclination; that is, where, when balanced free to turn in any direction, it places, itself horizontal. It is called the magnetic equator, and is about 90 degrees from the magnetic poles. The line is variable and irregular. In 1901, in the Western Hemisphere, it was south, and, in the eastern, north, of the geographical equator. See Magnetism, Terrestrial.

AC'MITE (Gk. d«//^, CTfcme, point, edge). A sodium-iron silicate that crystallizes in the monoclinie system, has a vitreous to resinous lustre, and is red to brovn and green in color. It occurs in the older rocks in Sweden and Cireenland, and in the United States minute crystals have been found in northwestern New Jersey, while fine prismatic crystals, frequently eight inches in length, occur at Hot Springs and Magnet Cove. Ark. It is called acmite from the sharp pointed extremities of its crystals.

ACNE (probably from Gk. i.Kfiif, akme, a point). An inflammatory structural disorder of the sebaceous glands or follicles of the skin (q.v. ). Dust plugs the outlets of some follicles, forming "black heads" or comedones. Retention of the sebum causes irritation of the follicle, leading to increased secretion and congestion of the surrounding tissue. Pressure with a watch key or the finger nails causes expulsion of the sebum in a little spiral white mass, with a black point or anterior end, erroneously regarded as a worm. In the midst of the white mass of seba- ceous matter, a parasite, Aearits follieidorum. is, however, often found. Some points suppurate and some intermediate follicles become inflamed, and pimples (papules), as well as hardened masses, appear. This variety of acne is called Acne vulgaris. Antemia, dyspepsia, constipation, and uterine disorders may be the indirect causes of acne, the immediate cause being the entrance of the Staphylococcus pyogenes (the germ of suppuration) into the sebaceous follicles. Treatment must be directed against the indirect causes mentioned, and also vigorous local treatment must be employed. Internal remedies include aperients, mineral waters, cod liver oil, hypophosphites, malt extract, arsenic, iron, mercury, and sulphur. External remedies include salicylic acid, ichthyol, mercury, borated alcohol, sulphur, zinc, and caustic potash. Acne rosacea is a chronic hypera-mic disease of the face, more especially of the nose, characterized by hypertrophy, redness, dilatation of the blood vessels and acne. In one form acne papules and pustules are plenty, and appear on a background of bright red infiltrated skin. In the other form of Acne rosacea there is a general erythema or redness, with enlargement of the superficial veins of the skin, and frequently a hypertrophy of the nose or chin. If extensive, and if the hypertrophy becomes excessive, the term Acne