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36 denounced the Hussite tendency of identifying Christianity, the cause of Christ, with the cause of the Czech nation. He saw that to the iniquity of a crusade they added the curse of nationalism. This nationalism began with a sense of exclusion, of "manifest destiny," and ended with a desire for domination.

The fusion of the "sour ferment of nationalism" with the "new wine of democracy" in the "old bottles of tribalism," to use Toynbee's terminology, produced amazing immediate results. The Hussites, under the remarkable leadership of the war lord Z̄iz̄ka (who shares with the Timurid Emperor Babur of Northern India the dubious honor of inventing the fortified chariot which anticipates our modern tank), defeated the Imperial Crusaders' international brigades in two bloody battles near Prague. The spirit of Nationality is a sour ferment of the new wine of Democracy in the old bottles of Tribalism. The ideal of our modern western Democracy has been to apply in practical politics the Christian institution of the fraternity or all Mankind ("La de̍mocratie est d'essence e̍vange̍lique elle a pour moteur l'amour." Bergson:, Paris: 1932); but the practical politics which this new democratic ideal found in operation in the Western World were not oecumenical and humanitarian, but were tribal and militant." Arnold J. Toynbee, , London: Oxford University Press, 2nd ed., 1945, vol. I, p.9.

1378–1424.

Zahīr-ad-Dīn Muhammad,, translated by A.S.Beveridge, London: Luzac, 1922, vol.II, pp.635, 469, 550, 564.

The Battle of Mt.Vi̍tkov in the summer of 1420 and the Battle of Mt.Vys̄ehrad in November 1420.