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34 due to the prominence of the back of the head, the shape of the spine and pelvis, and the general morphology of his frame. The anterior pair of limbs are long as in the apes (see figure 1), and frequently slender, while the pelvic extremities may be weak, deficient in calves, and with a low instep to the feet, which are broad and flat. The heel projects backward, and the hallux or big toe slightly independent and tends to become prehensile. Again, the hand of the typical negro, although human, often has much about it to remind us of the manus in the gorilla. In two instances I met with very black negroes in the South, both men, in whom the ears were conspicuously pointed at their upper margins as in many Quadrumana. The projecting point on the helix, as described by Darwin, I have noticed far more frequently in negroes than in the white races. It is undoubtedly a vestigial character indicating that man arose from a pointed-eared animal. The ear in the fœtal orang is likewise pointed. Sometimes the external genital organs are enormously developed in the negro, especially the penis in the man, and the clitoris in the female. The hair on the pubis is coarse and kinky as it is on the head. It may be quite abundant. Many years ago I dissected an old negro man in Washington, D. C., at the National Medical College. As a subject he was particularly simian in his organization, and one thing I noticed about him more than anything else, in addition to his immense copulatory organ, was the structure of his toe-nails. These were, on all toes, but especially the great toes, marvelously thickened and curved, reminding one at once of the claws on certain animals. It has been one of the