Page:The Natural History of Pliny.djvu/189

 Chap. 3.] ACCOTJNT OF COTJISTTEIES, &C. 155 cipal towns ^ ; twentj-nine have been long since presented with tlie old Latin rights' ; six are free towns^, three federate^, and 120 tributary. In this district, the things that more especially deserve no- tice, or are more easUy explained in the Latin tongue, are the following, beginning at the river Ana, along the line of the sea- shore ; the town of Onoba, surnamed ^stuaria^ ; the rivers Luxia and Urium^, flowing through this territory between the Ana and the Ba3tis ; the Marian' Mountains ; the river Bsetis ; the coast of Corum^, dth its winding bay ; opposite ^ " Mmiicipia." These were towns in conquered countries which were not founded by the Romans, but whose inhabitants retaiued their original institutions, at the same time receiving certain of the rights of Roman citizens ; most frequently, immunity to a greater or less degi'ee from payment of tribute. 2 " Latiiim ;" also called " Jus Latii " and " Latinitas." This was the name given to those cfrcumscribed or limited rights as Roman citizens which were at fii'st bestowed upon the conquered states of Italy, before the time of the Social War. Indeed the Latinus held a kind of inter- mediate state between the Civis Romanus with aU his rights, and the peregrinus or foreigner with all liis disabilities. These Latin rights were afterwards extended to the people of other countries, but retained their original name. 3 The free towns were those, the inhabitants of which were at hberty to enjoy their ancient institutions and modes of internal government, though at the same time they enjoyed none of the privileges of Roman citizens. ■* " Foederati civitates ; " the inhabitants of which were called ' foederati' or ' socii.' They were in alliance with the Romans, but in some cases paid them tribute in the same manner as the ' stipendiaria ' next men- tioned. In some instances they also enjoyed the Latin rights. ^ From the numerous creeks or a;stuaries with which the coast is here indented. Commentators are at a loss for the site of the town of Onoba (or Ossonoba accorduig to some readings). D'AnviUe considers it to be the same with the present town of Moguer ; other commentators have suggested Gibraleon, and the vicinity of Palos. ^ The Odiel and the Tinto ; the Urium being supposed to be the same with the Tinto of the present day. 7 Some readings have " Hai'eiii montes," and others " Arense montes," the " mountains of sand." There is no doubt that the sandy heights or downis on this coast are here meant, which are called at the present day " Dunes " by the French, and by the natives " Arenas gordas." s Probably the hue of sea-shore between Roia and the city of Cadiz, skirting the Bay of Cadiz. Hardoum however thinks that the coast between the Guadalquivir and the Guadalote is meant, now occupied in part by the town of San Lucar de Barameda.