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 144 PLINY'S IS^ATUEAL HISTOET. [Book II. cording to that of Isiclorus 9(S18 miles. Artemidorus adds to this 491 miles, from (lades, going round by the Sacred Promontory, to the promontory of Artabrum^, which is the most projecting part of Spain. This measurement may be taken in two directions. From the Granges, at its mouth, where it discharges itself into the Eastern ocean, passing through India and Parthyene, to Myriandrus^, a city of Syria, in the bay of Issus, is a di- stance of 5215 miles ^. Thence, going directly by sea, by the island of Cyprus, Patara in Lycia, Rhodes, and Astypalaea, islands in the Carpathian sea, by Tsenarum in Laconia, Lilybaeum in Sicily and Calaris in Sardinia, is 2103 miles. Thence to Grades is 1250 miles, making the whole distance from the Eastern ocean 8568 miles ^. The other way, which is more certain, is chiefly by land. Erom the Granges to the Euphrates is 5169 miles ; thence to Mazaca, a town in Cappadocia, is 319 miles ; thence, through Phrygia and Caria, to Ephesus is 415 miles ; from Ephesus, across the ^Egean sea to Delos, is 200 miles ; to the Isthmus is 212|- miles ; thence, first by land and afterwards by the sea of Lechseum and the gulf of Corinth, to Patrse in Pelopon- nesus, 90 miles ; to the promontory of Leucate 87^ miles ; as much more to Corcyra ; to the Acroceraunian mountains 132^, to Brundisium 87^^, and to Rome 360 miles. To the Alps, at the village of Scingomagum^, is 519 miles ; through Gaul to Illiberis at the Pyrenees, 927 ; to the ocean and the ^ Isiclorus was a natiye of Nicsea ; he appears to have been a writer on various topics in natural liistory, but not mucli estimated ; see Har- douin's Index Auct., in Lemaire, i. 194. 2 The modern Cape St. Vincent and Cape Finisterre. 3 This was a city on the Sinus Issicus, the present Grulf of Aiasso, situated, according to Brotier, between the sites of the modern towns of Scanderoon and Rosos. See Lemaire, i. 461. ^ Respecting this and the other distances mentioned in this chapter, I may refer the reader to the remarks of Hardouui in Lemaire, i. 461. ^ It is scarcely necessary to remark, that the calculations of our author do not indicate the real distance between the extreme points of the habi- table parts of the globe, as known to the ancients, but the niunber of miles which must be passed over by a traveller, in going from place to place ; in the first instance, a considerable part of the way by sea, and, in the second, almost entirely by land. ^ It appears to be difficult to ascertain the identity of the place here mentioned ; I may refer to the remarks of Hardouui and Brotier in Le- maire, i. 464.