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Rh in Europe from the old Bohemian historians. His historical works, as well as his statesmanship and other important activities, bring him the name of the "father of the nation." He is regarded as the foremost Bohemian of the nineteenth century; and his monument in Prague is one of the most remarkable works of art in Europe.

In the line of invention this earlier period gives Prokop Diviš (1696–1765), the discoverer of the lightning rod (1754), and Josef Ressl (1793–1857), the inventor of the screw propeller.

In science and medicine there stand foremost Jan Evang. Purkinje (1787–1869), founder of the first physiological institute in Germany and father of experimental physiology; Karel Rokytanski (1804–1878), the most deserving pioneer of pathological anatomy; Josef Škoda (1805–1881), the founder of modern methods of physical diagnosis of disease; Edward Albert (1841–1912), the great surgeon of the Vienna University; Ant. Frič (1832–1913), the noted paleontologist.

The Bohemian pantheon is particularly rich in composers and musicians. Of the former one of the best known to the world is Bedřich Smetana (1824–1884), the founder of the modern school of Bohemian music and the composer, among many other exquisite works, of the "Prodaná Nevěsta" (The Bartered Bride), a national opera which has appeared repeatedly within the last few years at the Metropolitan Opera House, New York. The great cycle, "My Country," with the "Libuše" and "Dalibor," are a few other of his compositions.

Anton Dvořák (1841–1904) was admittedly the greatest composer of his time. His "Slavonic Dances" and his symphonies are known everywhere. Invited to this country, he was for several years director of the National Conservatory of Music in New York City, during which time he made an effort to develop purely American music based on native, and especially Indian, motives.

Among musicians the name of Jan Kubelik (1880–) and Kocian are too well known in this country to need any introduction, and the same is true of the operatic stars Slezák and Emmy Destin.

Of poets the two greatest are Svatopluk Čech (1846–1910) and Jaroslav Vrchlický (1853–1912). They are not as well known in foreign lands as the Bohemian composers and musicians only because of the almost unsurmountable difficulties which attend the translation of their works. In novelists and other writers, of both sexes, Bohemia is rich, but as yet translations of their works are few in number and they remain comparatively unknown to the world at large.

The above brief notes, which do but meager justice to the subject, would be incomplete without a brief reference to a few of the most noted Bohemian journalists and statesmen of more than local renown. Of the former at least two need to be mentioned—Karel Havliček (1821–1856), martyred by Austria, and Julius Gréger (1831–1896), the founder of the Národní Listy, the most influential of Bohemian journals.

The most prominent modern statesmen of Bohemia are Karel Kramář (1860–), since the beginning of the war in Austrian prison, and Thos. G. Masaryk (1850–), since the war a fugitive from Austrian persecution, now at Oxford University, England. The sisterdaughter [sic] of the latter is well known in this country and her recent liberation from a prison in Vienna was in no small measure due to the intervention of her American friends.

It seems a far cry from Bohemia to this country, yet their relations are both of some import and ancient. The man who made the first maps of Maryland and Virginia, introduced the cultivation of tobacco into the latter State, and for these and other services became the lord of the "Bohemia Manor" in Maryland, was the