Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 3.djvu/89

Rh NORTHOP. 77 NORTHUMBERLAND. small proportion of arable. Tho tithes have been com- muted for a rent-churge of 068, nnd the glebe com- prises 44 acres. Tho living is a vie.* in the dioc. of London, val. 682, in the patron, of the bishop. The church, dedicated to St. Mary, is a small ancient struc- ture. The interior lias a brass of llowdell, bearing date 1452, and tombs of Bishop Lisle, of St. Asaph, a former vicar, and Dr. Demainbray, the philosopher. The re- gister dates from 1500. There is a National school. Bricks are made in this parish in large quantities, being used in the construction of the London sewers. Northolt was* the scene of numerous contests in the wars of the Eoses, as well as in the Civil War. Traces of a Roman road occur in the north-western part of the parish. NOHT1IOP, or NORTH-HOPE, a par. and post town in the hund. of Coleshill, co. Flint, 4 miles N.W. of Hawarden. It contains the following tnshps., viz., Caer- fallwch, Golftyn, Kelsterton, Wepre, Leadbrook Major and Minor, Northop, and Soughton. It is situated near the Dee and Wat's Dyke. The inhabitants are chiefly employed in the collieries, tile works, and pot- teries. There are also some very valuable lead mines belonging to the Grosvcnor family. Tho living is a vie.* in the dioc. of St. Asaph, val. 500, in the patron. of the bishop. The church has a lofty tower. The interior has numerous effigies, among which is one to Edwyn, a Welsh prince, bearing date 1073. There is also a district church at Connah's-Quay, the living of which is a perpet. cur., val. 301. The parochial charities produce about 90 per annum. There is a free grammar school, endowed with an annuity of 35 by the Rev. G. Smith in 1600 ; also a National school, with an endowment of 40 per annum. The Methodists have two places of worship. Highfield Hall and Sough- ton Hall are the principal residences. NORTHORPE, a par. in the wap. of Corringham, parts of Lindsey, co. Lincoln, 2 miles S.W. of Kirton, its post town, and 8 N.E. of Gainsborough. It is a sta- tion on the Manchester and Lincolnshire railway. The village, which is of small extent, is wholly agricultural. The river Ean flows through the parish, and falls into the river Trent. The soil is chiefly clay, and the low- lands are subject occasionally to inundation from the river Ean. The appropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of 418. The living is a vie. in the dioc. of Lincoln, val. 80, in the patron, of the bishop. The church is a neat structure, dedicated to St. John the Baptist. There is a National school. Thomas Fox, Esq., is lord of the manor. NORTHORPE, a hmlt. in the par. of Thurlby, wap. of Ness, parts of Kesteven, co. Lincoln, 2 miles S. of Bourne. NORTHORPE, a. hmlt. in the par. of Donington, co. Lincoln, half a mile N.W. of Donington. NORTHOVER, a par. in the hund. of Tintinhull, co. Somerset. It is a small village adjoining Ilchester, its post town. It is situated on the river Ivel or Yeo, near the ancient Fosseway. The village is built along the road to Exeter, and is wholly agricultural. The soil is of a loamy nature, with a subsoil of gravel. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of 120. The living is a vie.* in the dice, of Bath and Wells, val. 106. The church, dedicated to St. Andrew, is an an- register dates from 1700. John Langneld Burnard, is lord of the manor and principal landowner. NOBTHREW, an ancient par. in the Shetland Isles, coast of Scotland, now joined to Northmavine. N< lUTUSCEUGH, a tnshp. in the par. of Cumwhit- ton, ward of Eskdalo, co. Cumberland, 3J miles from . liitton, 8 S. of Brampton, and N. by W. of Kirk- Oswald. It is joined with Moorthwaite to form a township. i 1 1 STOW, a hund. in the co. of Cambridge, con- laiiiing the pars, oi ( 'irton, Impington, Landbeach, Lol- ili, Long, Slant. ,n All Saints and St. Michael, Madingley, Milton, Kumpton, Waterbeach, and part of Oakington, < ompti.-ing an area of 19,990 acres. NORTH-STREET, a hmlt. in the district of Audcn- shaw, par. of Ashton-under-Lyne, co. Lancaster, 3 miles S.W. of Ashton. It is situated near the canal and the lino of the Sheffield railway. NORTHUMBERLAND is a maritime county at the extreme N. of England. It is bounded on the E. by the North Sea, on the W. it is separated from Scotland by the river Tweed and the Cheviot hills, and on the S. it adjoins Cumberland and Durham, being separated from the latter by the rivers Tyne and Dcrwent. Its greatest length is 62 miles, and its greatest breadth 50. It measures about 205 miles in circuit, of which 50 are on the coast, and the measure is 1,952 square miles, or 1,249,299 statute acres. It is comprised between 55 45' und 54" 43' N. lat,, and 2 35' and 1 20' W. long. Several small shires, as Berwick-on-Tweed, Newcastle, Island- shire, Sandberghshire, Bedlingtonshire,and Norhamshire, which were formerly independent, now form part of the county. The coast from Berwick to LindislUrue or Holy Island belongs to the county of Durham. At the earliest period of which we have any information, Northumberland and the adjacent parts of Scotland were inhabited by the Ottadeni or Meata, and the (iadeni. Agricola was the first of the Roman generals who advanced so far north, and in the year 80 he protected the territory he had acquired by a line of 18 forts stretching across the country from tho Solway Frith to the mouth of the Tyne, and passing Haddon-ou-the- Wall and St. Oswald's. These forts wore erected as a defence against the incursions of tho northern Britons, and were found so effective that they were subsequently strengthened by Hadrian and Severus, who built the wall, and formed the conquered country into a Roman province called Valentin. Besides the paved way which ran from turret to turret, immediately within the wall, another road proceeded in a direct line between the different stations. Two Roman roads, the Maiden Way and Watling Street, or Leeming Lane, traversed the county; the former passed from Alstone to Caervoran, on tho wall, between the Irthing and the Tift'old, and tho latter entered the county at Elchester, Corbridge, and passed over the Cheviot hills into Scotland to a spot about 4 miles N.E. of Jedburgh. A branch of the same road ran from Beuckley, about a mile N. of the wall, to Alnwick. The first Saxon settlement was effected in 547, by Idas, who built a castle at Bain- borough, and founded the kingdom of Northanbymbra, which was subsequently subdivided into Bryneich (Bernicia) and Dcifyr (Deira). The Danes commenced their incursions in 844, when they slew Redwulf, the king of Northumbria, and in 867 the sous of Regnar Lodbrog occupied the greater part of ths county. During the reign of King Alfred, Northumbria waa included in the Danelagh, but in the subsequent wars with that nation Athelstano gave them a decisive defeat at Brunanburgh. At the time of the Norman conquest the N. of England had been so ravaged by the Scots and Danes, that the four northern counties were not included in the survey of tho Domesday Book. Until tho close of the 16th century the inhabitants of the border counties both of England and Scotland were perpetually engaged in cattle-lifting and in the skir- mishes ensuing from this practice. Both countries possessed officers known as the Lord Wardens, and tho wardens of the E., W., and middle branches, whose duty was in time of peace to do what they could to preserve peace, and to exact and demand compensation for all injuries, while in time of war they organised marauding expeditions into the hostile country. Upon the union of the two crowns by tho accession of James VI. of Scotland to the English throne these offices were abolished. Numerous battles have been fought in Northumberland, including the two famous battles before Alnwick, in 1093 and 1174, in the former of which Malcolm Canmorc, tho king of Scotland, was killed, and in tho latter William the Lion was i prisoner ; also the battles of Otterburn (1387), Homil- don (1402), and Pepperdean (1436), between tins earll of Northumberland and Douglas; the capture of Alnwick (14C2), and Bamborough (1464), by Margaret of Anjou;
 * structure, with a tower containing four bells. The