Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 3.djvu/769

Rh WATER. 757 WATERFORD. co. Norfolk, 4 miles N.W. of Fakenham, its post town, and 5 S.E. of Burnham Market. The living is a reet.* annexed to that of Egraere. The church is dedicated to All Saints. The Earl of Leicester is lord of the manor. WATER, EAST, a tythg. in the city of "Wells, co. Somerset, 3 miles N. of Wells. WATER- EATON, a hmlt. in the par. of Bletchley, hund. of Newport, co. Bucks, 1 mile S. from Fenny Strat- ford, and 45 miles from London. The village is situ- ated on the Grand Junction canal and the river Ouzel. There is an ancient manor-house with a hapel attached. The Wesleyans have a chapel. P. D. P. Buncombe, Esq., is lord of' the manor. WATER-EATON, a hmlt. in the par. of Kidlington, hund. of Wootton, co. Oxford, 4 miles N. of Oxford, its post town, and 6 from AVoodstock, on the river Cher- well. The living is a cur. annexed to the vie. of Kid- lington, in the dioc. of Oxford. WATER-EATON, a tnshp. in the par. of Penkridge, co. Stafford, 2J miles S.W. of Penkridge. WATER-EATON, a tythg. in the par. of Eisey, hund. of Highworth, co. Wilts, 1 milo S.E. of Crick- lade, on a branch of the river Thames. WATER-END, a tythg. iu the par. of Basing, co. Hants, 3 miles N.E. of Busingstoke. WATERFALL, a par. in the S. div. of Totmonslow hund., co. Stafford, 7 miles S.E. of Leek, its post town, and 6 N.W. of Froghall railway station. The village is situated near the river Hamps, which here flows underground for about three miles to the neighbourhood of Ham, where it joins the river Manifold. In the par., which includes the vils. of Waterhouses and AVinkshill, are an iron foundry, two paper mills, and several com mills. The soil is clay, upon a substratum of limestone and gritstone. The living is a pcrpet. cur. in the dioc. of Lichfield, val. 60. The church is dedicated to St. James. The parochial charities produce about 7 per annum, which go to the free school. Tlio Wesleyans have a chapel. A wake is held on the nearest Sunday to 10th August. WATER-FOOT, a hmlt. in the bar. of Lower Glen- arm, co. Antrim, Ireland, near Cushendall. WATERFORD, a maritime co. in the prov. of Munster, Ireland, is bounded on the N. by the cos. of Tipperary and Kilkenny, E. by the co. of Wexford, S. by the Atlantic Ocean, and W. by the co. of Cork. It lies between 51 56' and 52 20' N. lat., and 6 58' and 8 8' W. long. Its greatest length from E. to W. is 52 miles, and from N. to S. 28 miles. Its area is 721 square miles, or 461,553 acres, of which 325,345 are arable, 105,496 uncultivated, 23,408 under plantations, 1,525 in towns and villages, and 5,779 under water. The population in 1841, including the city of Watorford, was 196,187; in 1851 it had decreased to 161,035; and in 1801 to 134,242. The number of inhabited houses in 1861 was 21,492, 1,026 were uninhabited, and 63 were in course of building. The poor-law valuation in 1851 was 326,979, and the general valuation in 1861 was 315,610. The number of persons from this county who emigrated from Irish ports with the expressed intention of not returning, between May, 1851, and December, 1865, was 49,525, or 30 per cent, of the population at the former date. The ancient inhabitants are thought to have been a Belgic colony, called the Mmapii, who extended into Wexford. During the 3rd century a portion of tho tribe of Deiii, or Decii, who occupied that part of the county of Meath now called Deece, migrated southwards, and established themselves in that part of this county lying between Carrick-on-Suir and Dungar- van, and eastwards to Waterford Harbour. In the 9th century a body of Danes settled themselves in the territory about the city of Gaultier. When the English in the 12th century landed in the S., Waterford was quickly overrun, and tho greater part of the country was granted by Henry II. to Robert le Poer, his marshal, and the western districts were included in the grant of Cork to Milo de Cogan and his companions. Tho possessions of Eobert le Poor descended by marriage to tho Beresford family, who still hold large property in the county. During the wars towards the close of Elizabeth's reign the county suffered severely by tho sword and from famine, as also in the civil war of Charles I., and in the rebellion of 1798, when the county was disturbed by bands of Whiteboys, or Levellers, and agrarian outrages were not unfrequent. The surface in the northern and western districts is rugged and moun- tainous. Tho principal ranges of hills are the Cum- mcragh, or Monavoulagh Mountains, which rise from the valley of the Suir, near Clonmel, and attain eleva- tions of 2,597, 2,504, 2,478, and 2,387 feet, being among the wildest in Ireland. The Knockmiledown mountains occupy the north-western corner, extending into Tippe- rary, and at one point rise 2,609 feet high. To this range belongs Mount Melleray, with the abbey of St. Bernard la Trappe, by tho monks of which upwards of 200 acres of mountain land have been reclaimed. Tho valley of the Blackwater is rich and undulating ; its eastern flank consists of a broad based mountain summit called Drum. Tho central parts are undulating, with hills and low ridges interspersed by vales and hollows. The coast line is regular, affording little shelter for shipping. Immediately to the W. of Brownstown Head, at the entrance to Waterford Harbour, is Tramoro Bay, tho beach of which is flat and dangerous to shipping. The line of coast westward to Dungarvan Harbour, a distance of twenty miles, is rocky and dangerous ; in some places the cliffs rise 250 feet, and contain several natural caverns of considerable extent. From Helwick Head, tho southern boundary of Dungarvan Harbour, it runs in a south-westerly direction to Ardmore Point, and then bends north-westerly to Youghal, about 5 miles distant. This part of the coast is generally flat. The principal river is the Suir, which comes from Tipperary, and after forming tho northern boundary of the greater part of the county, falls into Waterford Harbour. It is joined by the Nier from the Cummeragh mountains, and is navigable for small vessels to Carrick- on-Suir. The Blackwater, also a noble river, rises in Kerry, and flows duo E. across tho county of Cork to Cappoquin, where it turns southwards and falls into the sea at Youghal. It receives in this county the waters of the Bride, and is navigable to Cappoquin for vessels of 70 tons. There are some small lakes among the Cummeragh mountains. The AVaterford and Kilkenny railway opens direct communication with Dublin and the N., and the Waterford and Limerick line with the W. There is a short lino of 8 miles from the city of Waterford to the bathing-place of Tramore. It is intended to make a railway to Wexford, and there join the Dublin, Wicklow, and Wexford lino. The principal roads are from Waterford to Cork, passing Cappoquin and Youghal ; from Dungarvon to Clonmel ; and two from Dungarvon to Youghal. Tho geological character of the county varies. The eastern half is formed of transition rocks, as clay, slate, graywacko, and gray- wacko slate. In Glenpatrick, near Clonmel, good roofing slates are extensively quarried. Old con- glomerate rocks, and formations of purple, red, green, and grey clay slate abound in the western districts. Tho valley of the Blackwater is of floetz limestone, and con- tains all tho fossils of tho carboniferous limestone, whilst the old red and yellow limestone occupies the central parts. Potter's clay is found in many places, and marble is quarried near Cappoquin and Whitechurch. There is an extensive copper mine at Knockmahon, from which 682 tons of ore, of the value of 25,657, were sold in Swansea during tho year 1863. Lead and iron mines have also been worked, and silver has been got at Carysfort and Bonmahon. The climate is variable, and the 8. and S.W. winds which prevail are occasionally violent ; it is, however, considered healthy. The surface is in many places marshy, and the soil is generally thin and poor, but some rich districts are found in the valley of the Blackwater, and in the central parts of the county. In 1866 there were 104,206 acres under crops, of which 18,786 acres were of wheat, 31,158 acres of oats, 1,799 aores of barley, bere, and rye,