Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 3.djvu/616

Rh SWINTON. 604 SYDENHAM. K.W. ot Manchester, its post town, and 6 E. of Bolton. The village is situated on the main road to Manchester. Many of the inhabitants are employed in the cotton mills, collieries, and brick kilns. The Manchester train- ing school is situated here. The living is a perpet. cur.* in the dioc. of Manchester, val. 126, in the patron, of the Vicar of Eccles. The church, dedicated to St. Peter, is a cruciform structure, built in 1791. There is a National school for both sexes, at which a Sunday- school is also held. The Wesley ana, Independents, and Unitarians have chapels. SWINTON, a chply. and tnshp. in the par. of Wath- upon-Dearne, N. div. of Strafforth wap., West Riding co. York, 5 miles N.E. of Rotherham, its post town, and 9 S.W. of Doncaster. It is a junction station on the North Midland railway. The village is situated at the junction of the Dearne and Dove navigation with the river Don, and has several shops. The popu- lation of the tnshp. in 1801 was 3,190. Tho gag-works were established in 1856. Many of the inhabitants are engaged in the Don potteries and in a porcelain manu- factory established by Earl Fitzwilliarn. A large por- tion of the land is in pasture. Tho living is a perpet. cur. in the dioc. of York, val. 340. Tho church, de- dicated to St. Margaret, was rebuilt, chiefly at the expense of Earl Fitzwilliam, who gave tho site in 1817. There are National schools for both sexes, including infants, at which Sunday-schools are also held. The Independents and Wesleyans have chapels. The Earl Fitzwilliam is lord of the manor. SWINTON-WITH-WATHERMASK, a tnshp. in the par. of Masham, partly in the lib. of St. Peter's and partly in the wap. of East Hang, North Hiding co. York, 1 mile S.W. of Masham. The tnshp. includes the limit, of Roomer. Tho principal seat is Swinton House. SWITHEN, a htnlt. in tho tnshp. of Kexborough, West Riding co. York, 4 miles N.W. of Barnsley. SWITHLAND, a par. in the hund. of West Goscote, co. Leicester, 6 miles S. of Loughborough, its post town, and 4j S.W. of tho Sileby station on the Midland rail- way. Tho village is on a branch of the river Soar. The soil consists of clay, sand, and gravel. This parish is noted for its excellent blue slate quarries, which are extensively worked. Tho living is a rect. in the dioc. of Peterborough, val. 300, in the patron, of the lord chancellor. The church, dedicated to St. Leonard, contains a brass of Lady Ferrers, bearing date 1460. There is a free school, built at the expense of the Earl of Lanesborough. The Wesleyaus have a chapel. Tho Hall is the principal residence. SWONA. See SWANNAY, Orkney Isles, Scotland. SWORDS, a par., post, and market town in the bar. of Nethercross, co. Dublin, prov. of Leinster, Ireland. It is situated on tho steep banks of a stream, 9 miles N. of Dublin. It is a station on tho Dublin and Drogheda railway. Tho living is a rect. in the dioc. of Dublin, val. with others 329, in the patron, of the archbishop. There are a Roman Catholic chapel and a largo charity school. Brackenstown is one of the chief Beats. The town is a placo of great antiquity, and is supposed to have originated in a monastery founded here by St. Columbkill. Hero, on the outbreak of the civil war in 1641, tho first Irish army assembled. In this parish are the ruins of a castle and round tower, and some other antiquities. Fairs are held on 17th March, 9th May, 12th July, and 8th November. SWYDD, a tnshp. in the par. of Llandegley, hund. of Cefnllys, co. Radnor, 5 miles N.W. of Radnor. In the vicinity is Llandegley spa. SWYDD, a hmlt. in the par. of Llanfihangel Lledrod, co. Cardigan, 5 miles N.W. of Tregaron, on the river Wyrai. SWYRE, a par. in the hund. of Uggscombe, Dor- chester div. of co. Dorset, 5J miles S.E. of Bridport, its post town. Tho village is situated about a milo from the coast of the English Channel. The living is a rect. in the dioc. of Sartim, value 140. The church is dedi- cated to the Holy Trinity. The register dates from 1754. The parochial charities produce about 4 per annum. A National school was erected in 1851, at the expense of the Duke of Bedford, who is lord of the manor. SYCHART, a tnshp. in the par. of Llansilin, co. Denbigh, 4 miles S.W. of Oswestry. SYCH-DYN. See SOUGHTON, co. Flint. SYCHRYD, a stream of cos. Brecon and Glamorgan, joins the river Hepsto near Pont-nydd-fechan. SVCHTYN, a tnshp. in the par. of Llansilin, upper div. of Oswestry hund., co. Salop, 4 miles S.W. of Oswestry, its post town. It is situated in a bleak and mountainous district. The Independents and Welsh Methodists have chapels. The Earl of Powis is lord of the manor. SYDENHAM, a par. in the hund. of Lewknor, co. Oxford, 4 miles S. of Thame, its post town, and 2 E. of Tetsworth. The par. includes the hmlt. of Sydenham Street. The living is a vie..* in the dioc. of Oxford, val. 100, in tho patron, of trustees. The church is dedicated to St. Mary. The parochial charities consist in 30 acres of land. The Baptists have two chapels. Tho Baroness Wouman, of Thame Park, is lady of the manor. SYDENHAM, a suburban district of the metropolis, forming a chplry. in the par. of Lewisham, hund. of Blackheath, lathe of Sutton-at-Hone, co. Kent, 7 miles S.E. of London, with which it is connected by several lines of railway. It occupies an elevated spot on the S. side of tho metropolis, and is a rapidly increasing place. About 16 10 it first came into public notice on account of a mineral spring, which was supposed to possess peculiar medicinal virtues, and for the benefit of which invalids often came from a considerable distance. This raised the village from a cluster of huts to a town, and though the fame of the spa subsequently declined, the village continued to increase, and was divided under the Act of 58 George IIL into the two district parishes of St. Bartholomew's, Sydenham, and Christchurch, Forest Hill. The formation of Sydenham Park, and the re- moval hither of the Crystal Palace, from Hyde Park, in October, 1851, upon the close of the great International Exhibition, tended much to the improvement of the neighbourhood. The population of tho entire chapelry in 1861 was 10,595, comprising 4,641 in Forest Hill, and 5,955 in St. Bartholomew's, Sydenham ; the latter district having more than doubled in population in the 20 years between 1841 and 1861. The town now contains a public lecture hall, working-men's institution, and hor- ticultural society ; but the attraction is the Crystal Palace, situatedin aparkof 200 acres, well laid out. The building, which was opened by her Majesty the Queen and the late Prince Consort, on the 10th of June, 1854, is of iron and glass, measuring 1,608 feet in length by 312 feet in general width, besides two wings 574 feet each in length. The height of the great transept from the basement is 198 feet, and that of the water towers 284 feet, at the top of which are tanks holding 357,675 gallons of water for supplying the fountains, which throw 120,000 gallons of water in a minute. The livings of St. Bartho- lomew's, Sydenham, and Christchurch, Forest Hill, arc perpet. curs.,* the former val. 248, and the latter 150 V The church of St. Bartholomew was erected in 1830 on the common, at a cost of above 10,000, the greater part of which was allowed by the Parliamentary Com- missioners, and a new chancel, with painted windows and carved stone reredos, has since been added. The register dates from the consecration of the church. Christchurch, Forest Hill, is on the hill, and was com- menced in 1854, but the tower and spire have not yet been completed. There are besides Sydenham old chapel, which forms a chapel-at-ease to Lewisham, and tho Episcopal chapel at Lower Sydenham, recently enlarged and improved. The Baptists have a chapel of recent erection, and there are chapels for Wesleyans, Primitive Methodists, Independents, and Bible Chris- tians. There are National and infant schools for St. Bartholomew's and Christchurch districts, also British and Foreign, and Sunday schools in connection with