Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 3.djvu/594

Rh SUDDY. 582 SUFFOLK. SUDDY, an ancient par. now joined to Knockbain, co. Ross, Scotland. SUDE LEY-MANOR, a par. in the lower div. of Kiftsgate hund., co. Gloucester, 1 mile S.E. of Winch- combe, its post town. The village is situated on the river Isborne, under the Cotswolds. The soil consists of stone brash, with a subsoil of clay. Sudeley gives title of baron to the Tracys of Toddington. The living is a rect. in the dioc. of Gloucester and Bristol, val. 45. The church, dedicated to St. Mary, is an ancient structure, which was much damaged during the civil war, but has recently been restored. The interior contains the remains of Queen Catherine Parr, who died in 1548. The principal residence is Sudeley Castle, which has been partly restored at the expense of J. and T. Dent, Esqrs. It contains works from Walpole's collection at Strawberry Hill. J. Dent, Esq., is lord of the manor and principal landowner. SUDELEY-TENEMENTS, a hmlt. in the par. of Winchcombe, lower div. of Kiftsgate hund., co. Glou- cester. SUEONO'S MONUMENT, or the STANDING STONE, co. Elgin, Scotland, near Forres, an ancient monument carved with runes ; it is a slab of hard granite, 25 feet high and 4 broad at the foot, upon a base of four steps. SUFFIELD, a par. in the hund. of North Erping- ham, co. Norfolk, 3i miles N.W. of North Walsham, its post town, and 5 N.E. of Aylsham. The village is situated on the river Euro. The living is a rect. in the dioc. of Norwich, val. 255. The church, dedicated to St. Margaret, is an ancient edifice with a tower and five bells. The register dates from 1558. The paro- chial charities produce about 28 per annum. There is a school for about 20 poor girls, erected at the expense of a former Lord Suffield. and which was endowed by the late Lady Suffield. SUFFIELD-CUM-EVEHLEY, a tnshp. in the par. of Hackness, lib. of Whitby Strand, North Riding co. York, 5 miles N.W. of Scarborough. It is joined with Everley and Silpho. SUFFOLK, a maritime county on the E. coast of England, is bounded N. by Norfolk, E. by the German Ocean, S. by Essex, and W. by Cambridge. It lies between 51 56' and 52 37' N. lat., 23' and 1 46' E. long. Its greatest length from Southtown, a suburb of Great Yarmouth, on the N.E., to the south-western border, is G8 miles, and the extreme breadth 52 miles. The area is 1,481 square miles, or 947,681 acres, of which about 820,000 acres are arable land, meadow, and pasture. The population in 1801 was 214,404 ; in 1851 337,215 ; and in 1861, 337,070. In the earliest times of which we have any record, it was inhabited by the Iceni, a British tribe, and subsequently formed part of the Roman province of Flavia Camriensis, It was afterwards occupied by the Angles, and formed part of the kingdom of East Anglia. In 654, Penda, king of Mercia, attacked the East Anglians, and in a battle fought near Blytheburgh, slew their king. The Danes early commenced their ravages along this coast, and in 871 defeated and took prisoner Edmund, king of East Anglia, whom they put to death for refusing to renounce Christianity. His body was removed from Hoxne to Bury, which received in consequence the name of Bury St. Edmund's, and a monastery was erected to his honour. In the division of the kingdom under Alfred the county was included within the Danelagh, and at the time of the Norman conquest was held by Gurth, brother of ] larold II. The surface of this county is generally flat, or gently undulating, there being no eminence in the whole county worthy of notice. The highest ground lies towards the W., through which, some miles to the W. of Bury, and thence to Thetford, runs a chalk dyke, which crosses this part of England in a north-easterly direction. This ridge separates the watershed of the N. from that of the S. of the county, the streams on the upper side flowing into the Little Ouse and Waveney, while those on the lower side fall into tho Stour and Orwell, or directly into the German Ocean. The north- western districts bordering on Cambridgeshire partake of its marshy, fenny nature, and in some places the land is secured from overflow of the rivers by largo embankments along their course. The coast line, 52 miles in length, is for the most part regular, and convex to the sea. The bays are generally shallow, and tho headlands have little prominence. The principal har- bours are formed by the estuaries of the Orwell and Stour on the S.E., and of the other rivers which flow into the German Ocean. The shore is in most places low and sandy, and occasionally marshy ; but low cliffs, composed of alternations of clay, sand, and gravel, are found on both sides of the estuary of the Deben, and at some other points. These are being slowly undermined by the sea, while at some places the reverse occurs, and accessions of land are being formed by the accumulation of marine deposits. Lowestoft, Southwold, and Felixstow are much resorted to as watering-places. The rivers of the county are not very important. The Waveney rises at Sopham, a swampy tract, and forms the boundary with Norfolk, falling into the German Ocean at Yarmouth. It is navigable to Bungay, and communicates with the sea at Lowestoft, by means of a canal cut through Lake Lothing. The Little Ouse has its source within a few yards of the Waveney, and is a border river for some distance before joining the Great Ouse in Norfolk. It is navigable as far as Thetford. The Blythe, rising near Laxfield hills on the N.E. of the county, passes near Halesworth, and is navigable thence to Southwold, where it falls into the sea. The Aide, which rises at Framlingham, is only navigable from Aldborough, where it widens considerably, and flows nearly parallel to the coast, about half a mile inland, for 7 miles, reaching the sea below Orford. The Deben rises near Aspal, and flows past Debenham to the sea about 4 miles N. of Landguard fort and the efflux of the Orwell and Stour. It is navigable to Woodbridge, 8 miles from its mouth. The Orwell, which is the most central river in the county, rises near Felsham, where it is called the Gipping, and afterwards the Stowmarket canal. At Ipswich it assumes the name of Orwell, and is navigable thence to the sea. The Stour rises in the S.W. corner, and flows into the Harwich estuary along with the Orwell ; it is navigable for barges to Sudbury. The Lark, a tributary of the Great Ouse, rises in the S.W., and flows past Bury, to which point it was made navigable in 1700. The only other inland navigation in the county is by the Stow- market canal, 16 miles long, on the Gipping river, and the Lowestoft and Norwich navigation, by which vessels of 200 tons can pass to Beccles, 15 miles distant from Lowestoft, and communicating by canal with Norwich. The Great Eastern railway enters from Essex by crossing the Stour near Stratford, and runs N. past Ipswich, Claydon, Needham Market, Stowmarket, and Haughley. A branch line from above Stowmarket runs to Cambridge, passing Bury St. Edmund's, and the East Suffolk line, connects Ipswich .and Yar- mouth, with branches to Lowestoft, Framlingham, and Aldborough. The principal road from London crosses the Stour at Stratford, and at Ipswich branches off to Lowestoft, Yarmouth, and Norwich. Another road to Norwich enters the county at Sudbury, and runs due N. to Thetford, passing Bury, from which a road communicates with Newmarket. Other roads are nume- rous and well laid off, and are kept in excellent order. The geological formation of the county presents little variety. The south-eastern corner is occupied by crag and London clay, the crag in some places resting on a substratum of London clay, and iu others on chalk. It is referred by Lyell to the older Pliocene period, and is generally formed of thin layers of quartzose, sand, and powdered shells. Upwards of 400 different species of fossil testacea are found in the crag, which is divided into the red and the coralline, some species being common to both, and some peculiar to each. The remains of monsters of an early geological period have been found all along the coast. The south-western corner consists principally of chalk formation, which does not in any place rise into hills. Along the border of Cambridge it sinks under