Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 3.djvu/475

Rh SHOULDHAM-THORPE. 463 SHREWSBURY. Dissolution was valued at 171 6s. 8rf. There is an ex- tensive rabbit warren covering about 600 acres. The living is a perpet. cur. annexed to that of Shouldham- Thorpe, in the dioo. of Norwich, val. 121. The church, dedicated to All Saints, has a square tower containing four bells. The chancel was rebuilt in 1839. The paro- chial charities produce about 35 per annum, realised from poor's land. There are a Church school and a Sunday-school. The Wesleyans, Primitive Methodists, and Methodist Reformers have each a place of worship. There are some traces of the ancient church of St. Margaret. Sir Thomas Hare, Bart., is lord of the manor. Fairs are held on 19th September and llth October. SHOULDHAM-THORPE, a par. in the hund. of Clackclose, co. Norfolk, 6 miles N.E. of Downbam- Market, its post town, and 9 S. of Lynn. The village, which is small and irregularly built, is wholly agricul- tural. About two-thirds of the land are arable, and the remainder pasture, common, and woodland. The sur- face is elevated, and the soil light. The living is a perpet. cur. annexed to that of Shouldham, in the dioc. of Norwich. The church, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, has a Norman doorway and an open turret containing two bells. The parochial charities produce about 7 per annum. The Wesleyans and Primitive Methodists have each a place of worship. Sir Thomas Hare, Bart., is lord of the manor. SHOULTON, a hmlt. in the par. of Hallow, co. Worcester, 2 miles N.W. of Worcester. SHOWELL, a chplry. in the par. of Swerford, hund. of Cbadlington, co. Oxford, 2J miles N.E. of Chipping- Norton. SHOWSLEY, a hmlt. in the par. of Easton Neston, co. Northampton, 2 miles N.E. of Towcester. SHOYSWELL, a hund. in the rape of Hastings, co. Sussex, contains the pars, of Ticehurst, and part of Burwash, comprising an area of 7,280 acres. SHRAWARDINE, a tnshp. in the par. of Alberbury, hund. of Ford, co. Salop, 7 miles N.W. of Shrewsbury, in the vale of the Severn, near the ancient Watling Street. SHRAWARDINE, a par. in the hund. of Pimhill, CO. Salop, 6J miles N.W. of Shrewsbury, its post town, and the same distance S.W. of Baschurch railway station. The village, which is of small extent, is situ- ated on the river Severn, and is chiefly agricultural. In the vicinity are the ruins of a border castle built by Count Alan, a follower of the Conqueror and an- cestor of the Fitz-Alans, who held it under the crown for many ages as a defence to Shrewsbury against the Welsh. In the reign of Elizabeth it was purchased by Lord Chancellor Bromley, and during the Civil War was occupied by Cromwell. The site and remains are now the property of the Earl of Powis. There is a newly erected building, designated " The Castle," near to which is an extensive mere. The living is a rect.* with the vie. of Montford annexed, in the dioc. of Lichfield, val. 380. The church is dedicated to St. Mary, and contains an ancient font, also a brass to Martha Botevyle. The parochial charities produce about 2 per annum. Sir C. Edmondes was born here in 1566. The Earl of Powis is lord of the manor. SHRAWLEY, a par. in the lower div. of Doddingtree hund., co. Worcester, 4J miles S. by W. of Stourport, its post town, and 7 W. of Droitwich. The village, which is of small extent, is situated on the river Severn, and is chiefly agricultural. The land is well cultivated, and partly in wood and hop grounds. The surface is hilly, and the soil gravelly. The tithes have been com- muted for a rent-charge of 355, and the glebe com- prises 63 acres. The living is a rect.* in the dioc. of Worcester, val. 355. The church, dedicated to St. Mary, is situated on an eminence, with a tower contain- ing six bells. The parochial charities produce about 150 per annum. There is a school, partially endowed by Edward Burton in 1699. H. F. Vernon, Esq., is lord of the manor. SHREWLEY, a hmlt. in the par. of Hatton, Snitter- field div. of Barlichway hund., co. Warwick 4 miles N.W. of Warwick. SHREWSBURY, the county town of Shropshire or Salop, a market town, parliamentary and municipal borough, is 153 miles N.W. from London by road, or 163 by the North Western, and 171 by the Great Western railways ; 68 miles S. from Liverpool, and 42 from Chester. It is situated on the river Severn, and is an important railway centre. The population within the municipal and parliamentary boundaries, which are co-extensive, was 19,681 in 1851, and, in 1861, had increased to 22,163, occupying 4,445 houses. The amount assessed for property-tax is 99,109, and for poors' rates, 80,332. The poor are maintained under a local Act. The town is very ancient, and is thought to have been founded by the Britons of the 5th century on the ruing of Uriconium, a Roman station. It was early captured by the Saxons, who changed its name of Pen- gwern, or "Alderhill," to Scrobbes-byrir/, or "Scrubs- town," of which the present name is a corruption. It early rose in importance, and was one of the chief towns in the country under Alfred, who here established a mint, and his daughter Elfleda founded a college. In the con- test between Canute and Edmond Ironsides, in 1016, the town suffered severely, having espoused the cause of the former. William the Conqueror granted it and most of the surrounding country to Roger de Montgomery, one of his followers, who was subsequently created Earl of Shrewsbury, and here built a castle, which he secured by a wall across the isthmus of the peninsula on which it stood. For the site of this castle fifty-one houses were cleared away. In 1102 the castle and property were forfeited to the crown, by the third earl, Robert de Belesme, who had supported in the field the cause of Robert, Duke of Normandy, the king's brother. Henry I. in 1126 granted the earldom to his wife Adeliza of Louvain, whose castellan and sheriff held the castle for the Empress Maud against Stephen. It was captured by the latter, who treated the inhabitants with great severity, but was retaken by young Henry, afterwards second king of that name, and was restored to the custody of Fitz-Alan. Being on the border of Wales, the town suffered repeatedly from the incursions of the Welsh, and was in 1215 captured by them under Llewellyn the Great, who had joined the insurgent barons against John. It was soon retaken ; but again, in the following reign, it was ravaged, and a portion of the town burned, by the Welsh and the turbulent barons. Simon de Montfort, who was joined by the warlike Llewellyn, grandson of the chief already alluded to, succeeded in obtaining possession of Shrewsbury for a short period, but lost it again after the battle of Evesham. When Edward I. determined on the final subjugation of the Welsh clans, he established his head- quarters in this town, and in 1277 made it his temporary residence, removing to it the Courts of King's Bench and Exchequer. In 1283 he summoned a parliament to meet here, when David, the last prince of Wales, was tried, and, being found guilty of treason, was executed. In the next reign, the Earl of Arundel, who revolted against Edward II., attempted to seize Shrews- bury, but was repulsed by the townspeople, aided by Sir John Charlton of Powis, and wasbeheaded at Hereford. A parliament again assembled here in 1397, at which the Earl of Hereford charged the Duke of Norfolk with high treason, and both were sentenced to banishment by Richard II., the one for ten years, the other for life. In 1403, it was the scene of the battle between the royalist troops and the insurgents under Douglas and Hotspur, when the latter was killed by Prince Hal, afterwards Henry V. It favoured the side of York during the Wars of the Roses ; and after the death of his father, Richard of York, Edward IV. raised an army among the townspeople, and defeated the opposite party under the Earl of Pembroke at Mortimer Cross in Herefordshire. His queen afterwards found an asylum in the town, and here gave birth to Richard, who was subsequently murdered with his brother in the Tower by Richard III. It was also the scene of the execution of Buckingham by Richard ; and in the following year proclaimed the Duke of Richmond as king, under the