Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 3.djvu/472

Rh SHOREHAM. 460 6HORNCOTE. that of furniture ; it is said that nine-tenths of the furni- ture of England is made here. There are also several breweries. The living is a vie.* in the dioo. of London, val. 656, in the patron, of the Archdeacon of London. The church was rebuilt in 1740 by Dance, pupil of Sir C. Wren. There are twelve hells, very good. The in- terior contains ancient monuments ; one connected with the royal family of Hungary, with a representation of two skeletons tearing asunder the trunk of a tree. Will Somers, Henry VIII. 'a jester, is buried here. Gabriel Spencer, killed by Ben Jonson in a duel 1598. Itichard Tarlton, Queen Elizabeth's famous clown (1588) ; James Burbadge (1596) ; his more famous son, Richard (1618); William Sly, one of Shakspeare's original performers, lie in the churchyard. The list of vicars begins A.D. 1185. There are, besides the district churches of St. John the Baptist, Holy Trinity, and Christ Church at Hoxton, St. Mary's, Haggerston, All Saints at Stonebridge, St. James's and St. Michael's in the Curtain-road, St. Mark's in the Old Street-road, St. Paul's, and St. Andrew's chapel. Of these the most remarkable is St. John the Baptist's, built in 1830 at a cost of 16,444. The Baptists, Independents, Wesley- ana, and several other .Dissenting congregations have places of worship. There are about 250 daily and 10 Sunday schools, some of which are partially endowed. The Haberdashers', Drapers', Weavers', Frame-work Knitters', and Ironmongers' Companies have alms- houses here ; besides several local almshouses. [5e also articles LONDON, HOXTON, SPITALPIELDS, &c.] SHOREHAM, a par. in the hund. of Codsheath, lathe of Sutton-at-Hone, co. Kent, 5 miles N. of Sevenoaks, its post town. It is a station on the Sevenoaks branch of the London, Chatham, and Dover railway. The vil- lage, which is chiefly agricultural, is situated in the vale of the river Darent, which flows through the parish to join the Thames at Dartford. At Castle Farm, in the neighbourhood, are traces of Shoreham Castle, built by the Oldhams. There is a paper mill in the vicinity. The impropriate tithes belong to the Dean and Chapter of Westminster. The living is a vie.* in the dioc. of Canteibury, val. 371, in the patron, of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster. The church, dedicated to SS. Peter and Paul, is an ancient structure with a square tower, containing a clock and six bells. There are tombs of the Borrets, of New House. The parochial charities produce about 27 per annum, of which 7 goes to Borret's almshouses. There is a free school for both sexes. A fair for toys is held on the 1st May. SHOREHAM, NEW, a seaport, and parliamentary borough in the hund. of Fisbergate, rape of Bramber, co Sussex, 6 miles W. of Brighton, 22 E. of Chichester, and 66J S.W. of London. It is a station on the London, Brighton, and South Coast railway. The town is situated on the S. coast, at the mouth of the river Adur. Ella the First, king of the South S_axons, landed here. Shortly after the Norman conquest, it was given, with the lord- ship of Bramber, by William I. to William de Braose, and soon became a port of importance, owing to the increased intercourse between England and Normandy. John landed herewith a large army in 1199, and he made it a free port in 1210. In the reign of Edward III. it contributed 26 ships towards the two fleets which were fitted out for the siege of Calais, being one ship more than was furnished by London ; subsequently, however, declined. In 1758 an Act was obtained for the improvement of the haven, but the embouchure of the Adur continued to shift eastward, leaving the original town of Old Shoreham, now a small village, a mile inland, and rendering the haven almost useless. In 1816 a second attempt was made to restore this ancient port by cutting a new channel through the shingle embankment, and flanking it by substantial piers, which run in a S.S.W. direction into the sea, thus keeping open the passage. The harbour mouth is nevertheless subject to a bar, which shifts its position from 60 to 160 feet from the pier-heads. The depth of the water over the bar at high water is from 16 to 22 feet, according to the tides, and the rise of the spring tides is about 18 feet, A considerable foreign trade is carried on, owing chiefly to its being a warehousing port for timber, and for West Indian, Levant, African, French, Dutch, and other produce. A considerable trade is also done in coals and corn. The port has belonging to it upwards of 100 vessels, and is an excellent station for the oyster fisheries. It has long boen noted for its shipbuilding, and extensive works for making cement. The town consists for the most part of irregularly built streets. Many improvements have been effected, however, during the last half century, including the erection of the suspension bridge over the mouth of the river Adur by the late Duke of Norfolk in 1833, in place of the old narrow bridge built in 1782, nearly a mile above the town. The streets are paved and lighted with gas. The principal buildings are the church mentioned below, and a custom-house, in the Grecian style. The town of New Shoreham, which is governed by a high constable, elected annually, has a population of over 3,000, but the parliamentary borough, which in- cludes the parishes of New and Old Shoreham, the town and parish of Steyning, and the whole of the rape of Bramber, had 33,553 in 1851, and 32,622 in 1861. The borough returns two members to parliament. The living of New Shoreham is a vie.* in the dioc. of Chichester, val. 127, in the patron, of Magdalen College, Oxford. The church, dedicated to St. Mary the Virgin, is part of a cruciform structure, with a tower rising from the centre, erected towards the close of the llth century, is remarkable for its architectural beauty, and was one of the largest churches in the country, but the nave has fallen into decay, strenuous exertions are, however, being made to have it restored. The living of Old Shoreham is also a vie.* in the dioc. of C'hichcster, val. 458, in the patron, of Magdalen College, Oxford. The church, dedicated to St. Nicholas, stands on the eastern bank of the river, and is an ancient structure, recently restored at the expense of Magdalen College. 'J>here are also a Protestant free church, and chapols belonging to the Wesleyans and Congregationalists. The college of St. Nicholas is a comprehensive institution, having several ofishoots in the town, the most important branch being St. Saviour's school, in connection with the Established Church, founded in 1858 for the educa- tion of the lower middle class, comprising the sons of small tradesmen and farmers. Ii is under the supervision of the Bishop of Chichester, as visitor, and contains above 200 scholars. There are besides a grammar school, National and infant schools, and a military and engineering school at Leyton. A market for corn is held on every alternate Monday, and a fair on 25th July. SHOREHAM, OLD, a par. forming part of the borough of New Shoreham, co. Sussex. See NEW SHOKB- HAM. SHORESTON. See SHOSTON, co. Northumberland. SHORESWOOD, a tnshp. in the par. of Norham, hund. of Norhamshire, co. Northumberland, formerly in Durham, 6 miles S.W. of Berwick-on-Tweed. The village, which is of small extent, is chiefly inhabited by colliers. There is a National school for both sexes. The manor and the greater part of the land belong to the Dean and Chapter of Durham. SHORNCLIFFE AND SANDGATE, a chplry. in the pars, of Folkestone and Cheriton, co. Kent, 1 mile W. of Folkestone. It is a station on the South-Eastern railway. This place, which is of recent growth, is situated under the cliffs. See SANUOATE. SHORNCOTE, a par. in the hund. of Highworth co. Wilts, 6 miles N.W. of Cricklade, its post town, and 3 S. of Cirencester. The parish, which is inconsiderable, is wholly agricultural. There is no village. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of .92, and the glebe comprises 38 acres. The living is a rect.* in the dioc. of Gloucester and Bristol, val. 130. The church is dedicated to All Saints. The late rector, John Greenly, M.A.,who died in 1862, aged 85 years, had served as chaplain on board the Revenge, one of Nelson's fleet, and was wounded at the battle of Trafalgar.