Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 3.djvu/440

Rh SHADWELL. 42S SHAFTESBURY. village, and is wholly agricultural. The parish is watered by a feeder of the Beult, and is traversed by the line of the South-Eastern railway. The land is low and flat, abounding in coppice woods. The remainder is divided between arable and pasture, with about 20 acres of hop-grounds. The living is a rect. in the dioc. of Canterbury, vol. 109. The church, dedicated to SS. Peter and Paul, has a tower containing one bell. The parochial charities produce about 3 per annum. There is a parochial school. The Wesleyans have a place of worship. SHAD WELL, a tnshp. in the par. of Thorner, lower div. of Sky rack wap., West Riding to. York, 5 miles N.E. of Leeds, its post town, and 4 from Harewood. The village, which is of small extent, is chiefly agricul- tural. There are brick and tile kilns in the vicinity. The tnshp. includes a portion of Winn Moor, which was enclosed in 1805, and has been greatly improved. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment under an Enclosure Act in 1803. The living is a perpet. cur.* in the dioc. of Ripon, val. 92, in the patron, of the Vicar of Thorner. The church, dedicated to St. Paul, was built in 1842, and has some stained win- dows and a carved stone font. There is a National school for both sexes, and a Church Sunday-school. The Wesleyans have a place of worship. The trustees of Lady Hastings and William Nicholson Nicholson, Esq., are lords of the manor. SHADWELL, a hmlt. in the par. of Rushford, co. Norfolk, 3 miles E. of Thetford, on the river Brandon. SHADWELL, a tnshp. in the par. of Clun, co. Salop, 4 miles S.W. of Bishop's Castle. SHADWELL, ST. PAUL'S, a par. and populous metropolitan district in the borough of the Tower Hamlets, and Tower div. of Ossulston* hund., co. Middlesex, 2 miles S.E. of St. Paul's, London. It is a station on the Blackwall railway. This place, formerly called Chadwelle, took its name from a mineral spring in the " Sun Tavern " fields, dedicated to St. Chad. Previous to 1669 it was a hamlet in the parish of Stepney, and belonged to the Nealds, but was made a distinct parish by Act of Parliament. It extends along the northern bank of the Thames, including the lower basin of the London Docks, and comprises about 70 acres, mostly built over. The population in 1861 was 8,499. That portion of the parish called LowerShadwell abuts on the river, and is chiefly inhabited by ship- chandlers, provision merchants, sailmakers, coopers, anchor smiths, and other trades connected with the shipping interest. It contains the K police station, a market, and the Lascar barracks. The living is a rect.* in the dioc. of London, val. 452, in the patron, of the bishop. The church, dedicated to St. Paul, is a modern structure, with a tower surmounted by a spire. It was rebuilt on the site of the original edifice in 1821, ata cost of 14,000. There are places of worship for Independents, Wesleyans, and Primitive Methodists. There are National schools, rebuilt in 1837, and endowed with an income of 220 ; also Protestant Dissenters' schools, situated in Shakspeare's Walk, and endowed with 70 per annum, bequeathed in 1712. Captain Cooke's almahouses for 31 seamen's widows were rebuilt and further endowed by John Car. In 1615 Sir Robert Cotton discovered a Roman grave here. Matthew Mead, the celebrated Nonconformist minister, was appointed to this living by Cromwell in 1658, but displaced in 1662. SUADYCOMBE, a hmlt. in the par. of Marlborongh, co. Devon, 3 miles S.W. of Kingsbridge. SHADY ROW, a hmlt. in the chplry. of Honley, par. of Almondbury, West Riding co. York, 3 miles S.W. of Huddersfield. It is situated near the river Colne. The inhabitants are chiefly employed in the neighbouring woollen mills, and in the mines. SHAFTESBURY, or SHASTON, a market town, municipal and parliamentary borough, having separate jurisdiction, but locally in the hund. of Monckton-up- Wimborne, co. Dorset, 8 miles N.W. of Sturminster, ''2 8.W. of Salisbury, and 101 S.W. of London. It has a station at the neighbouring village of Semley, on tha Yeovil and Exeter section of the London and South- western railway. It is supposed to occupy the site of an early British town called Caer Palladicr, or Caer Septan, and was probably a Roman station, as numerous ancient coins have been found in it, but its name is undoubtedly of Saxon origin, Sceaftesbyrig signifying " the town on the summit of a hill." It rose into importance on the ruins of Alcester, and having been burnt by the Danes was entirely rebuilt by Alfred the Great in 880. Eight years afterwards the same monarch founded an abbey for nuns of the Benedictine order ou the ruins of a pagan temple, and endowed it with lands under a charter still extant in Saxon and Latin. To this abbey the remains of Edward the Martyr were removed in 978, after his murder in Corfe Castle by his mother-in- law, Elirida, and the dedication of the abbey changed from Mary the Virgin to that of St. Edward. Amongst the pilgrims to the shrine of St. Edward was Canute, who died here in 1036, and was buried at Winchester. The abbey soon becama rich, as is evidenced by its revenues, which at the Dissolution were valued at 1,329 1*. 3d:, and its abbess was one of the four that held an entire barony of the crown, in consequence of which she was liable to be summoned to parliament, but was excused on account of her sex. The importance of the monastery increased that of the town, which at an early period is said to have contained twelve parish churches, though now only three. In Domesday Survey, where it is spelled Seeptesberie, the town is described as a borough, and in the reign of Edward the Confessor contained 104 houses and three mints. Its first charter was granted by Henry III. and it returned two members to parliament in the reign of Edward I., but does not appear to have been a corporate town prior to the reign of James I. Even in Leland's time the conventual buildings and abbey church were fast falling to decay, and few remains are now extant. In the civil war of Charles I. 2,000 gentlemen and yeomen, styled " club- men," leagued together to protect the county and town from the depredations of both beDigerent parties ; but their scheme was soon frustrated by Fleetwood, who advanced upon the town with a force of 1,000 men, and arrested the ringleaders. Its charter was confirmed by Charles II., and continued to be that under which it was governed till the passing of the Municipal Reform Act in 1835. Under the new Act the borough is included in schedule B, amongst those not to have a commission of the peace, unless upon petition and grant, and in section 2 of that schedule, amongst those the municipal boundaries of which were to be taken till altered by parliament. The ancient boundaries include only portions of the three parishes mentioned subse- quently, and do not include the whole town. The population of the municipal borough in 1861 was 2,497, and of the parliamentary, which extends into the ad- joining county of Wilts, 8,983. The borough is governed by a mayor, 4 aldermen, and 18 town coun- cillors, with the style of " the mayor and burgesses of the borough of Shafton, otherwise Shaftesbury, in the county of Dorset." Its revenue is about 250, ex- pended chiefly for lighting and cleansing, and for pay- ment of police and other salaries. By the passing of the Reform Act in 1832 it was deprived of one of its repre- sentatives, so that it now returns only one member to parliament, and about a third of its constituents are scot and lot voters. It is also a polling-place for the county elections. From the elevated site on which the town is built it commands views of the counties of Dorset, Somerset, and Wilts, but from the same circum- stance is approached only by a great ascent. The streets are irregularly laid out, but clean and well paved. It is lighted with gas, and inadequately sup- plied with water from a large underground reservoir, from which the water is raised by steam power into an upper cistern, and thence distributed through the town. The principal public buildings are the townhall and corn- market, the latter presented to the town by the liberality of the Marauis of Westminster a literary institutio: