Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 3.djvu/403

Rh SAMUELSTON. 391 SANDAL MAGNA. or judges, a greffier or clerk, and a provost, which last officer is elected by the tenants. The surface is low, but not marshy, being nearly on a level with high- water mark, except only a few gentle elevations. The soil is fertile and well cultivated, producing good crops of grain and fruit. Many of the inhabitants are em- ployed in the working and exportation of granite, which is largely quarried in the northern part of the island. A new breakwater and quay have been constructed for the better protection of the harbour. The living is a rect.* in the dioc. of Winchester, val. 120, in the patron, of the Governor of Guernsey. The church of St. Sampson is the oldest in the island, having been built in 1110. It is without either tower or spire. There is a place of worship for French Methodists, also several schools. SAMUELSTON, a vil. in the par. of Gladsmuir, co. Haddington, 3J miles S.W. of Haddington, and 5i E. of Tranet. It is a small scattered village situated on the left bank of the river Tyne. There are two corn mills and a saw mill. SANCREED, or SANCREET, a par. in the hund. of Penwith, co. Cornwall, 4 miles S.W. of Penzance, its post town. The parish, which is of large extent and chiefly agricultural, is traversed on the S. by the road from Penzance to the Land's End, and on the N. by that to St. Just. The soil consists of killas upon a sub- soil of granite. The substratum abounds in mineral wealth, and granite of excellent quality is found. There are some ancient tin-works on Beacon Hill, and a stream work on Trevenyan Moor, but the latter is now exhausted. The tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of 509 10s. Id., of which 344 belongs to the vicarage, and the glebe comprises 152 acres, but the greater part is unenclosed. The living is a vie. * in the dice, of Exeter, val. 265, in the patron, of the dean and chapter. The church, dedicated to St. Creed, has a square embattled tower containing three bells. The interior of the church contains several monuments. There were formerly three chapels, of which some traces remain. A Sunday-school is held at the church. There are places of worship belonging to the Baptists, Wesleyans, and Bible Christians, also a mixed National school for both sexes. Viscount Falmouth is lord of the manor and principal landowner. In the churchyard is an ancient cross, and at Drift are two rude upright stones supposed to mark the grave of some ancient warrior. Near the village of Braham are remains of an ancient castle called Caer-bran, and at a place called Eodinnar is a monument consisting of two concentric walls, the larger 55 feet in diameter. SANCTON, a par. in the Hunsley-Beacon div. of Harthill wap., East Hiding co. York, 2 miles S.E. of Market Weighton, its post town. The village, which is of small extent, is situated on the high road between Market Weighton and South Cave. The inhabitants are chiefly agricultural. The soil is of a loamy nature. The par. includes the tnshps. of North Cliffe and Sanc- ton, with the hmlt. of Houghton. The great tithes were commuted for land under an Enclosure Act in 1769. The living is a vie. in the dioc. of York, val. 49. The church, dedicated to All Saints, has a crocketed and pinnacled tower. The parochial charities produce about 20 per annum, which goes towards the support of the free school. The Hon. Charles Langdale is lord of the manor. SANDA, or SANDAY, one of the N. isles of Orkney, Scotland, 14 mile E. of Eday, and 6f miles E. of Westray. It is situated betwixt Stronsay and North Ronaldshay, and is a sub-port to Kirkwall. It contains the pars, of Burness, Cross, and Lady. It extends in length about 12 miles from N.E. to S.W., with a mean breadth of 1^ mile. It is one of the most extensive of the N. Isles of Orkney. The surface is of an even character, having many extended points with bays running a considerable way inland. On its E. coast it is low and flat, but on the W. side is a hilly ridge rising to an altitude of 200 feet. The soil is light and sandy, but generally productive, when well manured with seaweed. The principal points along the coast are, Tafstness, Start Point, upon which is a lighthouse, Tressness, Spurness, Holms of Ire, and Otterswick, Stywick, and Rooswick Bays. The two principal har- bours are Kettletofit on the S. side and Otterswick on the N. side of the island, which is watered by several lakes, the largest being about 2-j miles in circumference. The disadvantages under which the island labours are the scarcity of fuel, and the inundations caused by easterly gales during spring tide. The coasts abound with fish, and the shores produce abundance of kelp. The air is moist and raw, but not unhealthy. SANDA, an island in the par. of Southend, co. Argyle, Scotland, 6 miles S.E. of the Mull of Kintyre, and 9 S.W. of Campbeltown. It extends in length about 1 J mile by about half a mile in breadth. It is situated at the W. side of the entrance of the Frith of Clyde. Its surface is of an uneven character, and its greatest altitude 300 feet above sea-level. There is an excellent natural harbour for the small vessels that navigate the Clyde. In 1850 a lighthouse with a fixed red light was erected on Ship of Sanda rock, and is about 165 feet above sea-level. Patersou's rock is about 1-J mile S.E. of Sanda, and upwards of a mile in circumference, but only visible at low water. One of the cliffs has been worn into the shape of a large arch. The whole of the surface is devoted to sheep-walks. The rocks are all sandstone. The island was anciently famed for having been the rendezvous of the. Danish fleets, from which circumstance it was formerly called Avona Porticosa, and it is still sometimes called Avon. On the island are the ruins of St. Columba's chapel, with burial-ground and two crosses, and in Fordun's time there was another chapel dedicated to St. Annian, regarded as a sanctuary for the refuge of criminals. SANDA, or SANDAY, an island in the par. of Small Isles, co. Argyle, Scotland, 2J miles from Rum, and about a league S. of the peninsula of C'antyre. It ex- tends in length about 1'J milo from E. to W., with a mean breadth of about half a mile. The surface near Canna is low, and that part approaching Hum swells into gentle eminences, finally ending in abrupt cliffs, which are skirted by detached masses of rock of great altitude. There are two rocks designated Dun-na-Feulan, or the " gull rocks," which stand near the cliffs and are about 100 feet in altitude. One of these rocks somewhat resembles a steeple in form, and is partly of conglo- merate, and partly of trip, divided from each other by a vertical plane, which is a singular phenomenon well worthy of the geologist's consideration. The island is in- habited by only four families, who are engaged in agri- culture and fishing. SANDAL, KIRK, or LITTLE, a par. in tho S. div. of Strafforth wap., West Riding co. York, 4 miles N.E. of Doncaster. The village, of small ex- tent, is situated on the E. bank of the Don, and the Don canal passes through the parish. Tho surface is undulating and well wooded. Tho principal resi- dences are Sandal Hall, and Sandal Grange. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment under an Enclosure Act in 1806. The living is a rect.* in tho dioc. of York, val. 400, in the patron, of the lord chancellor. The church is dedicated to St. Oswald. There is a free school founded in 1626 by the Rev. George Wood, who endowed it with laud now producing 80 per annum. SANDAL, LONG, a tnshp. in the par. and soke of Doncaster, West Riding co. York, 3 miles N.E. of Don- caster, its post town. The village, which is of small extent, is situated on the bank of the river Don, and near the Doncaster and Thome turnpike road. The tnshp. includes the hmlt. of Whcatlcy. The South Yorkshire railway and the Keadby extension pass near the village. The corporation of Doncastor, to whom the manor belongs, have expended considerable sums on the enclosure and improvement of tho lands. The principal residence is Wheatley Hall. SANDAL MAGNA, or GREAT SANDAL, a par. and tnshp. in the Jowcr div. of Agbrigg wap.,