Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 3.djvu/32

Rh NEWAJOTE. 20 NEWBATTLE. half a mile inland. It is well paved, supplied with water, and lighted with gas. About a quarter of a mile from where the castle stood is the ancient hed of the river Trent, which has been diverted. The population in 1851 was 11,330, with 2,370 inhabited houses, which in 1861 had increased to 11,515, with 2,558 inhabited houses. The limits of the municipal and parliamentary boroughs are coextensive. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in the malt and corn trade, which is very extensive, in consequence of the navigation of the Trent, and the facilities of transport aftbrded by the Great Northern and Midland railways. The corn market, which was built in 1849 at a cost of more than 4,000, is perhaps one of the largest in England. The other public buildings are the townhall, where the sessions are held, and in which assemblies and other amusements take place ; the county court house, a gaol, three banks, and a savings-bank ; St. Leonard's Hospital, founded in the reign of Charles I. ; and Philpott'sand Chapman's almshouses. There are nume- rous breweries, malt kilns, and corn mills. The brick bridge of seven arches was built in 1775, in place of the then wooden one. Large quantities of limestone and gypsum are found round about the neighbourhood of Newark, and there are several large iron and brass ' foundries. The living is a vie.* in the archdeac. of Nottingham, and dioc. of Lincoln, val. 325, in the patron, of the crown. The church, which was built in the reign of Henry VI., is dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene, and is one of the largest in the kingdom. Some parts of it, as the base of the tower, and two piers in the nave, are probably earlier, being Norman. It has sepulchral chapels, and a lofty tower at the western end, which latter is surmounted by an octagonal spire about 245 feet high. The church, which is 218 feet long by 80 feet broad, contains several stained-glass windows, some carvings in oak and stone in the choir and stalls, and a very largo engraved brass of the 14th century to the memory of Andrew Flemyng, 'who died in 1361. There is a peal of ten bells; the tenor weighs more than a ton and a half. The painting at the W. end of the church, the Eaising of Lazarus, was presented by Hilton, whose father was a native of the town. Besides the parish church there is a district church, the living of which is a perpet. cur.,* val. 148, in the patron, of trustees. This church, called Christ Church, was erected in 1836 at a cost of about 3,000. There are also a Eoman Catholic church, and chapels for Wes- leyans, Baptists, Independents, and Primitive Metho- dists. The free grammar school was founded in the reign of Henry VIII., by Archdeacon Magnus, and has two exhibitions to either of the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, of 80, tenable for four years. Here bishops "Warburton (a native) and White, and Stukeley, the antiquary, were educated. The library was founded in 1825, the building being presented by Lord Middleton. There are two sets of National schools ; that in the district parish of Christ Church was built in 1843 at a cost of 1,400. There are, besides, infant and denominational schools in connection with the several places of worship. The annual borough sessions, the quarter sessions for the county, and the court of record i'or the recovery of debts under 300, are held in the townhall. The county court, and the petty sessions of the county magistrates, are held in the sessions room of 1! interesting and antiquarian buildings, still exist. Light- foot, the Hebrew scholar, was a native, and Hartley, the metaphysician, resided here. Newark gives the title of viscount to Earl Manvcrs of Holme Pierrepoint. Market days an; Wednesdays for corn, and every other Tuesday for cuttle. Fairs are held on the Friday in Mid-Lent, 14th May, Whit-Tuesday, 2nd August, Wednesday before 20th October, 1st November, and llth December, mostly for cattle, except that in October, which is for cheese. NEWAENE, a vil. in the par. of Lidney, co. Glou- cester, 4 miles N.W. of Berkeley. NEWAEP, a sandbank outside Yarmouth Eoads, on the E. coast of Norfolk, in N. lat. 52 45', and E. long. 1 53'. It is marked by a lightship at the X. end of the bank, put up in 1791, and visible for 10 miles. NEWAETH, a hmlt. in the par. of Rathnew, bar. of Newcastle, co. Wicklow, Ireland, 1 mile N. of Eathnew, and 2 miles from Wicklow. It is situated at the bridge on the river Vartry, near the Devil's Glen. NEWAETHILL, a vil. in the par. of Bothwell, co. Lanark, Scotland, 4 miles N.E. of Hamilton. It is situated on the road from Hamilton to Shotts. There is an United Presbyterian church, erected about 1810, also a parochial school. NEWBALD, a par. within the lib. of St. Peter's, though locally in the Hunsley-Beacon div. of the wap. of Harthill, East Eiding co. York, 3J miles N.W. of South Cave, and 4 S.E. of Market- Weighton._ Brough is its post town. The village, which is large, is wholly agricultural. The soil is of a light nature, with a sub- soil of chalk, and in the lower parts sandy. The par. comprises the two tnshps. of North and South Newbuld. The living is a vie.* in the dioc. of York, val. 300, in the patron, of the archbishop. The church, dedicated to St. Nicholas, is an ancient cruciform structure with an embattled and pinnacled tower rising from the inter- section. The windows are of a fine description, and the font is curiously carved. The parochial charities produce about 107 per annum, of which 100 wag bequeathed by William Still in 1728, and is divided annually on the 1st January among twenty poor families that have not been relieved by the parish. There is a village school, also a free school, erected and endowed in 1846 by J. Clough, Esq., who is the lord of the manor and chief landowner. The Wesleyans, Independents, and Primitive Methodists have each a place of worship. NEW BANK, a hmlt. in the tnshp. of North Owram and par. of Halifax, West Eiding co. York, 2 miles N.E. of Halifax. NEWBATTLE, or NEWBOTLE, a par. in the co. of Edinburgh, Scotland. It comprises the vil. of its own name, also the vils. of Stobhill, Easthouses, and Newton Grange. It extends in length 4 miles from W. to E., and about the same in breadth. It is bounded by the pars, of Lasswade, Dalkeith, Cranston, Cockpen, and Borthwick. The greater part lies in a vale, through which the river South Esk flows. From the low grounds the surface rises, in a gradual manner, for the course of 2 miles, to a ridge of hills, the greatest altitude of which is at the Eoman camp, which is 680 feet above sea-level. A large portion of the land is in excellent cultivation, and the soil is generally rich and fertile, being in some places upwards of 4 feet deep, except in the upper district, where the soil is marshy and muiry upon a cold till. It is abundant in orchards and gardens. The district is also productive of good coal, lime, and sandstone. The tram railway, 1^ mile in length, and in connection with the Edinburgh railway at Dalhousie Mains, has since been superseded by the Hawick branch of the North British railway, which crosses the Esk valley a short distance from where tlic old viaduct stood. The mineral wealth of this flourishing district has become of late years equal to any in tho kingdom of the same proportion. There are a paper- mill, two corn-mills, and a flour-mill. The north-eastern portion of the parish is intersected by the road from Edinburgh to Kelso by way of Laudor. The decayed village of Newbattle is about half a mile S. of Dalkeith. It is situated on the river South Esk, and in the lower grounds of the Esk vale. The present par. includes tho small par. of Maisterton, which lies to th'e W., and was united to it at tho time of tho Eeformation. New- battle had a Cistercian abbey, founded by David I. in 1140 as a cell to Melrose, and richly endowed by him and by Malcolm IV., William the Lion, and Alexander II. It was burnt by Eiehard II. of England, and after the Dissolution the abbey church became the parish church. The estate, which came to the Kers, was made a lordship in 1591, and an earldom in 1606. The Mar- quis of Lothian now enjoys these extensive possessions.