Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 3.djvu/199

Rh PENRHOS. 187 PENRITH. is situated on the coast. Mr. "Williams's hounds meet here. The living is a cur. annexed to the perpet. uur. of Abereirch, in the dioc. of Bangor. The church is dedicated to St. Cyncoyl. The tithes were commuted in 1840. PENRHOS, a hmlt. in the par. of Llanfynydd, co. Ciirmarthen, 4 miles N.W. of Llandilofawr. PENRHOS, the seat of Lord Stanley of Alderley, in the par. of Holyhead, co. Anglesea, 2 miles S.E. of Holyhcad. PENRHOS, a hmlt. in the par. of Kington, hund. of Huntington, co. Hereford, 1 mile E. of Kington, and 17 miles N.W. of Hereford. It is situated on the river Arrow under Bradnor Hill. PENRHOS, a hmlt. in the hund. of Llanfyllin, co. Montgomery, 6 miles S.E. of Llanfyllin. It is situ- ated on tho Severn, and belongs to the Gores of Penrhos Hall. PENRHOSE, a parcel in the par. of Ystradgunlais, co. Brecon, 8 miles N.E. of Neath. PENRHOSLLIGWY, or PENRHOS LLTJGWY, a par. in the hund. of Twrcelyn, co. Anglesey, 4 miles N.E. of Llanerchymcdd, its post town, and 6 from Am- Iwch. The village, which is of small extent, is situated near Rod Wharf Bay and Ynys-Gadem. There are some marble works in the neighbourhood. It is in con- templation to erect a column on the rocks overlooking tho bay, and about 1 J mile to the N.E. of the church, in memory of those who perished in the wreck of the lloyal Charter. The living is a perpet. cur. in the dioc. of Uangor, val. 75. In the church, which is dedicated to St. Michael, are some ancient tombs. In the church- yard, as, well as in the neighbouring churchyard of Llanallgo, are interred the remains of a large number of persons who lost their lives in the wreck of tho Royal Charter steam clipper on tho rocks of Moelfre in 1859. The parochial charities produce about 93 per annum, part of which goes towards apprenticing children. L. Morris, tho antiquary, and author of " Celtic Remains," was born here in 1702. Near Moelfre is a cromlech standing on seven supports. PENRHYDD. See PENRITH, co. Pembroke. PENRHYLOG, a hmlt. in the tnshp. of Ceulan-y- Maes-Mawr, par. of Llanfihangel-Geneur-Glynn, co. Cardigan, 5 miles N.E. of Aberystwith. It is' situated on a branch of the river Lery. PEN-RHYN. See POUT PENRHYN, co. Carnarvon. PEN-RHYN, a tythg. in the par. of Aberffraw, co. Anglesea, 16 miles S.W. of Beaumaris. It is situated on Carnarvon Bay, near tho river Ffraw's mouth. PENRHYN CASTLE, a demesne in the bund, of Uwchgorfai, co. Carnarvon, 1 mile E. of Bangor, and 9 miles N.E. of Carnarvon. This mansion, which is now the seat of the Hon. Colonel Pennant, M.P., is situ- ated on an eminence embowered in trees near the river Ogwen, at the northern mouth of the Menai Strait, and is surrounded by a park 7 miles in circumference, fenced round with slate. The present edifice was built for the late Lord Penrhyn by S. Wyatt, after designs by Hopper, in the Norman castellated style, with towers and turrets, on the site of the ancient seat of the Griffydds, once the palace of King Roderic Malwynog. It is built of Mona marble, and is said to have cost no less a sum than half a million, and took fourteen years in building. At a distance its massive grandeur produces an imposing as- pect, but on a nearer approach, and after entering within its walls, the effect is far less agreeable. The interior is embellished with painted glass, sculptured chimney- piecos, oak carving, and panelling. In one of the rooms is a bedstead entirely formed of slate, and amongst the antiquities a hirlas, or drinking-horn, of Piers Gruf- fydd, who fought under Drake against the Spanish Armada. From several spots within tho park a pano- rama is obtained, embracing in the distance the Menai Bridge and the heights of Snowdon. 1'K.NKICE, or PEN RHYS, a par. in the hund. of Swansea, co. Glamorgan, 11 miles B.W. of Swansea, its post town, and 14 from Llanolly. The village, which is of email extent, is situated near Uxwich Buy, under vol. in. Cefn-Bryn cromlech. In the neighbourhood are Piilon- Green and the ruins of the Earl of Warwick's Castle, which came to the Penrices and Mansels. Penrice was formerly a market town, and the old market-place still exists, but the market has long since been discontinued. Near tho village is an ancient entrenchment. The living is a perpet. cur. in tho dioc. of St. David's, val. 53. The church, dedicated to St. Mary, is a cruciform struc- ture, and has been restored. Penrice Castle is tho prin- cipal residence, and within its grounds are the ruins of the old castle mentioned above, from which a view of the sea is obtained. PENRITH, or PENRHYDD, a par. in the hund. of Kilgerran, co. Pembroke, 7 miles from Cardigan, its post town, and tho same distance S.W. of Newcastlo-in- Emlyn. The village, which is of small extent, is situated under Vrenin Vaur mountain. The par. includes tho chplry. of Castellan. The living is a rcct. in the dioc. of St. David's, val. .100. The church is dedicated to St. Cristiolus. PENRITH, or PERITH, a par., post and market town, in the ward of Leath, co. Cumberland, 17 miles S. by E. of Carlisle, and 283 N. by W. of London. It is a sta- tion on the Lancaster and Carlisle railway. It is situated in a fertile vale enclosed by hills of varied elevation, and is watered by thrco small livers, the Eamont, the Low- ther, and the Pctteril, and at the junction of the main roads from London and Lancashire to Glasgow. Tho par. includes tho hmlts. of Caiieton, Plumptreo Head, and Eamont Bridge. Its name is supposed to be of British origin, signifying " the red hill or sum- mit," descriptive of tho red freestone with which the town is built. About 5 miles to the N.W. of the present town is Old Penrith, occupying tho site of the Roman station Bycmctenracum, on tho lino of the ancient Watling Street. At tho time of the Norman conquest the honour of Penrith was a royal franchise, but it was subsequently ceded to Alexander III., King of Scotland, on condition of his surrendering his claim to the counties of Cumberland, Northumberland, and Westmoreland. Upon the defection of John Baliol it was seized by Edward I., and given to Anthony Beck, Bishop of Durham, to which see it remained attached 1'or some time. In the reigns of Edward III. and Richard II. it suffered severely from the ravages of the Scots, and in that of Elizabeth by the plague, which swept away up- wards of 2,000 inhabitants of tho town and parish. In 1696, having reverted to the crown, it was granted'to William Bentinck, Earl of Portland, and was sold by his heirs in 1783 to the lato Duke of Devonshire. Tho town, which is well built, paved, and lighted with gas, consisted formerly of one long street. Since the opening of the Lancaster and Carlisle railway, it has greatly increased in its population and in its trade ; so much so as to be considered the most prosperous town in the northern counties. There is now also a railway to Kcs- wick, and a junction of the Eden Valley railway with the Lancaster and Carlisle. It is under tho jurisdiction of the county magistrates, and is a polling-place for tho county elections. Tho houses are for the most part built of freestone, but covered with plaster and roofed with slate. In the town are two banks, a savings-bank, house of correction built in 1826, union poorhouse, mechanics' institute, baths and washhouses, an assembly room occa- sionally used as a theatre, newsrooms, and a subscrip- tion library. To the N. of the town is a racecourse with a grand stand. The staple trade of the town is in agri- cultural produce, which has become very important, while the manufacture of cotton has declined. Since the open- ing of the railway and the introduction of artificial manure, a great portion of the moorland has been con- verted into a high state of cultivation, realising excellent crops of potatoes, &c., which, by means of the railway, are exported in large quantities. There are also iron foundries, saw-mills, breweries, and quarries of red free- stone, slato, and limestone. In the neighbourhood of the town are the ruins of Brougham Castle, which was built by the Nevilles and restored by Richard Duke of Glou- cester; it was originally erected as a protection from tho fi o