Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 3.djvu/195

Rh PEXKHULL. 183 PENMARK. Mersey. Tho inhabitants are chiefly engaged in agri- culture. There is a brewer}-. The Friends have a school in the neighbourhood. 1'l.XKHULL, a tnshp. in the par. of Stoke-upou- Trent, N. div. of the hund. of Pirehill, co. Stafford, 1 mile S.E. of Newcastlc-under-Lymo. This large village, which covers the heights above Stoke, was one of the earliest seats of the earthenware manufacture. The living is a perpet. cur. in the dioc. of Lichfield, val. 161. The church is a modern structure. It is joined with Boothen to form a township. PENKR1DGE, a par. in the E. and W. divs. of the hund. of Cuttlestone, co. Stafford, 6 miles S. of Stafford, and 9* from Wolvcrhampton. It has two stations on the London and North- Western railway. It is situated on the river Pent, from which it takes its name ; and on the Staffordshire and Worcestershire canal. It is supposed by Camden to have been the ancient fennocru- cium on the Roman way, Watling Street. The town, which from its low situation is subject to frequent inun- dations, consists principally of two streets. It is now a polling, petty sessions, and decayed market town. The petty sessions are held every alternate Monday at the " Littleton Arms." There is a savings-bank and iron-works, and two bridges, the one called the Bull Bridge, of recent construction, and the other about half a mile higher up the river, called the Cuttlestone Bridge. The town, which is chiefly agricultural, is well built. The market^ which was formerly held on Tuesday, ia now disused. The land is in a high state of cultivation. A new principle of scientific agriculture has been tried here, with highly satisfactory results, and cattle are bred to the highest perfection. The par. comprises 12 libs., with the chplries. of Coppenhall, Dunston, and Stretton, and the hmlt. of Congreve. The church was made collegiate by King John, and given by him to the see of Dublin, the archbishop of which was dean, under whom were thirteen prebendaries, whose joint revenues at the Reformation were valued at 106 15s. Id. The iin- propriation belongs to Lord Hatherton. The living is a perpet. cur.* in the dioc. of Lichfield, val. 300. Tho church, dedicated to St. Michael, is an ancient stone structure, with a tower containing eight bells. The in- terior of the church contains a decorated E. window, with tracery and monuments of the Littleton family, one of which bears date 1630. It was repaired in 1831. In addition to the parish church, there are district churches at Coppenhall, Dunston, and Stretton, the livings of which are all perpet. curs., varying in val. from 86 to 67. There is a National school for both sexes, endowed with an annuity of 36 per annum, which sum has been added to by Lord Hatherton. There arc places of worship for tho Wesleyans, Plymouth Brethren, and Primitive Methodists; the chapel of the latter is situated at Whiston. Rodbaston Hall is situ- ated on an eminence about 2 miles S. of tho town. The Poor-law Union of Penkridge comprises 21 parishes or townships. Lord Hatherton is lord of the manor. Annual fairs arc held on the 30th April, 2nd September, and 10th October. PEN LEY, a tnshp. in the par. of Ellesmefe, hund. of Maylor, co. Flint, 4 miles N. of EUesinere, its post town, and 9 from Wem. Tho village is small. The living is a perpet. cur. in the dioc. of Lichfield, val. .105, in the patron, of the Vicar of Ellesmere. The church is dedi- cated to St. Mary. At Penley Hall is a meet for the Wynnstay hounds. PENLLECH, a parochial chplry. in the hund. of Com- mitmaen, co. Carnarvon, 10 miles W. of PwDheli, its post town, and 7 from Nevin. The village, which is of small extent, is situated on the coast, near the rocks of Porth- Ponllech. The living is a cur. annexed to the rect.* of Llaniestyn, in the dioc. of Bangor. The church is dedicated to St. Mary. PENLLINE, a par. in tho hund. of Ogmore, co. Glamorgan, 1 mile N.W. of Cowbridge, its post town, nnd 5 miles from Bridgend. The village, which is of KMiull extent, is wholly agricultural. In the neighbour- hood are the ruins of St.Donat's Castle, built by Sir W. Stradling, whose family occupied it for six centuries^ The gateway ia carved with curious medallion circles. The portion of the building which is still inhabited in situated on a hill, and commands a view over the Chan- nel. The living is a cur. annexed to the vie. of Llan- frinach, in the dioc. .of Llandaff. The church, dedicated to St. Brynach, is an ancient structure, situated in a wooded dingle, which runs down to the shore. Tho church contains the mortuary chapel of the Stradlings, to which family it has panel paintings of the 16th cen- tury ; also a tomb to Sir Thomas Stradling, the last of his race, bearing date 1738. The churchyard contains a cross. PENLLYN, a hund. in the co. of Merioneth, con- tains tho pars, of Llandderfel, Llanfawr, Llangower, Llannwychyllyn, and Llanykil. It gives name, with Edernion, to a deanery in tho archdeac. of Mont- gomery, and dioc. of St. Asaph. PENMACHNO, a par. in the hund. of Nant Conway, co. Carnarvon, 6 miles S. of Llunrwst, its post town, and 15 from Bala. The village is situated on the river Machno, at the head of the Conway stream, near Llyn Conway. There are some slate quarries, and a portion of tho inhabitants are engaged in the flaiiuel trade. Tho living is a perpet. cur.* in the dioc. of Bnngor, val. 180. The church is dedicated to St. Tyddvvd. The parochial charities produce about 120 per annum, of which 70 goes to Lloyd's school and almshouses. Annual fairs are held on 17th April, 18th August, and 20th October. PENMAEN, a par. in the hund. of Swansea, co. Glamorgan, 3 miles from Penrice, and 10 S. W. of Swan- sea, its post town. The village, which is of small extent, is situated at the foot of Cefn-y-Bryn, one of the loftiest mountains in South Wales, on which is a large cromlech, called the "Stone of Skelly," or " King Arthur's Stone." The par. includes the vil. of Paviland. From Oxwich Point, about 2^ miles distant, is a view of Oxwich Bay, with its shores, caverns, and promontories. In the vici- nity are Pcnricc. or Pen-Rhys, and Oxwich Castles, the fanner built under tho towers of tho ancient fortress of the same name, and the latter a ruin of the ICth century, with a Gothic window. The living is a rect.* in the dioc. of St. David's, val*. -6210. PENMAEN, a tnshp. in the par. of Llanfawr, co. Merioneth, 1 mile N.E. of Bala. PENMAEN, or PENMAEN-MAWR, a mountain and hmlt. in tho par. of Llanfairfcchttu, hund. of Uchaf, co. Carnarvon, 5 miles E. of Bangor, and the same from Conway. It is a station on the Chester and Holyhead railway, which here passes through tho Penmaen-Mawr tunnel of 060 feet, and is protected in part of its course by a sea-wall, and afterwards enters another tunnel of 1,215 feet, called the Penmaen-rhos tunnel. The moun- tain, which rises to the height of 1,540 feet above the level of the sea, ia a huge mass of rugged limestone rock projecting into the sea, and has on its summit the Braieh-y-Diuas British camp, and its slopes are covered with a variety of rare plants. Previous to 1772, it was only traversed by a narrow zigzag pathway, which formed an impediment in former journeyings between Chester and Ireland, but in that year a coach-road was constructed by Sylvester, which was subsequently im- proved by Telford in 1827. PENMAIN, a chplry, in the par. of Mynyddyslwyn, lower div. of the hund. of Wentlloogc, co. Monmouth, 10 miles N.W. of Newport, its post town. The village, which is considerable, is situated in the midst of a mountainous country. Many of the inhabitants are engaged in the collieries, and some in weaving. Tho living is a perpet. cur. in the dioc. of Llandaff, val. 150, in the patron, of the crown and bishop alternately. Tho church is dedicated to St. Tyder. PENMAIN, a tnshp. in the par. of Llysfaen, co. Denbigh, formerly in Carnarvon, 2 miles W. of Aber- gele, and 7 E. of Conway. It is situated near the coast. PENMARK, a par. in the bund, of Dinas-Powis, co. Glamorgan, 6 miles from Cowbridgo, its post town, and 9 B.W. of Cardiff. The par. contains tho vils. of Abcr- l.haw, Burton, Cwui, and six others. There are two