Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 3.djvu/174

Rh PANCRAS, ST. 102 PANHOPE. town ; the Imperial Gas-works ; Metropolitan Asso- ciation model lodging-houses, in St. Pancras-road ; the Governesses' Institution, in the Prince of Walus's-road ; the Female Adult Orphan Home, in the Regent's-park, founded in 1818 for 70 daughters of officers and clergy- men, and supported by an income of 2,000 ; the St. Pancras and Strand Union poor-houses ; Weston House Lunatic Asylum ; the Orphan Working school, Haver- stock-hill ; the terminus of the Great Northern rail- way, at King's-cross, built in 1849 on the site of the Smallpox Hospital, which was then removed to Hol- loway ; the terminus of the North-Western railway, at Euston-square, with its massive gateway and great hall, designed by T. Handwick, and decorated with basso- relievos by J. Thomas ; also the goods station of the North- Western railway at Chalk-farm, including an extensive brick structure surmounted by a glass dome. The living is a vie.* in the dioc. of London, vol. 1,025, in the patron, of the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's, who usually appoint one of the canons. The new parochial church in Euston-square was built in 1822 by the In- woods, at a cost of 76,679. It is formed after the model of the Temple of Erectheus at Athens, with a tower or steeple of three receding stages 165 feet high, resembling the Temple ot the Winds, and is entered under a portico of six fluted Ionic columns, supporting an entablature and cornice surmounted by a triangular pediment. At the E. end of the structure are two projecting wings, forming the vestry and registry, the roofs supported on caryatides, after the fashion of the Pandrosium. The interior is decorated, the altar-piece having six verd antique columns of Scagliola marble from the Temple of Minerva, and the pulpit, carved out of the stump of the famous Fairlop oak, which was blown down in 1820. The old parish church, in the St. Pancras-road, now a district church, is an ancient structure of stone and flint, built originally in the 12th century, but so changed by subsequent alterations and repairs that it retains few vestiges of its original character. It has a new N. tower, and was completely restored in 1848, under the direction of A. Gough, when the original altar-stone, Roman bricks, and other antiquities were found. In the churchyard arc many tombs of eminent foreigners, and of literary and aitistic celebrities. Numerous new churches have been built in various parts of the parish, which is now cut up into ecclesiastical districts, as St. Jude's, in the Gray's-inn-road ; St. Matthew's, Bedford- town ; St. James's, in the Hampstead-road ; St. Mark's, in the Albert- road ; Christ Church, in the Regent's-park ; All Saints', in Gordon-square ; St. John the Evangelist, in Charlotte-street; St. Ann's, Highgate-rise; St. Martin, Kentish-town ; besides various others of more recent erection, and several proprietary chapels, as Fitz- roy, Gray's-inn-lane, Percy, and AVobum chapels. The Roman Catholics and the several Protestant Dissenting churches have places of worship, the most pretentious of which is the Irvingite Cathedral, or so-called Catholic Apostolic church, in Gordon-square. There are numerous schools and charitable institutions, only a few of which require separate mention, as the St. Pancras charity school for girls, in the Hampstead- road; the Eussell school of industry; the Roman Catholic grammar school, held in the old vestry room ; and the collegiate school, for middle-class educa-. tion, nearly opposite the " Southampton Anns," and in front of which is the site selected for the proposed Cobden memorial. The names of many eminent men are associated with St. Pancras, as having been born, lived, or buried within this parish. Besides its own burial-grounds, St. Pancras contained the cemeteries of St. James's. Piccadilly; St. Gilcs's-in-the-Fields ; St. Andrew's, Holborn ; St. George's, Bloomsbury ; and St. George the Martyr; but these are now closed under the Extramural Interment Act, and the cemetery for the parish itself is removed to Finchley. In this parish are also Bagniggo Wells, formerly celebrated for its chaly- beate waters, St. Chad's Weil, and St. Pancras Wells. St. Pancras forms a union of itself, under the new Poor- law Act, and is a superintendent registry district, with St. Katherine's, but exclusive of Highgato. It is com- prised within the Bloomsbury new county-court district. PANCRASWEEK, or AVYKE ST. PANCRAS, a par. in the hund. of Black Torrington, co. Devon, 3 miles N.W. of Holaworthy, its post town, and 5 from Stratton, in Cornwall. The village, which is of small extent, is situated on the Bude canal, near the river Tamar. It is wholly agricultural. At Lana, in this parish, is the site of an ancient chapel. The living is a cur. annexed to the vie.* of Bradworthy, in the dioc. of Exeter. The church, dedicated to St. Pancras, has a lofty tower containing five bells. There is a Sunday- school belonging to the Wesleyans, who have a place of worship. PANDY, a vil. in the tnshp. of Cyu'.lwyd, co. Merioneth, 4 miles S.W. of Bala. PANDY, a limit, in the par. of Llanvihangel-Crucor- ncy, co. Monmouth, G N. by E. of Abergavenny. It is a station on the Worcester, Hereford, and Abergavenny section of the West Midland railway. It is situated nndcr the mountain of Skirridfawr, which attains an elevation of near 1,500 feet, on a branch of the river Monnow. PANF1ELD, a par. in the hund. of Hinckford, co. Essex, 2 miles N. by W. of Braintree, its railway station and post town. The village, which is of Email extent, is situated near the river Pant, a tributary of the Black- water, and is wholly agricultural. Panfield was given by Waleran Fitz-Ralph to the Abbey of St. Stephen, at Caen, in Normandy, which had a Benedictine cell here before 1250. Upon the suppression of alien priories it became parcel of the possessions of the prior and convent of Canterbury, and at the Dissolution was granted to Sir Giles Cupel. The greater part of the land is arable, with some pasture and wood. The soil is generally a strong loam, resting upon a substratum of clay. The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of 500, and the glebe comprises 7 acres. The living is a rect. * in the dioc. of Rochester, val. 500. The church, dedi- cated to SS. Mary and Christopher, has a small spired tower containing three bells. In the windows are some remains of ancient stained glass. Panfield Hall, the principal residence, has a quadrangular tower ; it was erected in 1546, but has been subsequently modern- ised by frequent alterations and repairs. PANGBOURN, a par. and post town in the hund. of Reading, co. Berks, 5J miles W. by N. of Reading, and 11 from Wallingford. It is a station on the Great Western railway. The village, which is of small extent, is situated on the banks of the Thames. The manor formerly belonged to Brigham, Bishop of Salisbury, who gave it to the monastery of Reading in 1230. In 1671 it became the property of John Breedon Esq. A fine trout stream, called the Pang, here fall-: into the Thames on the E., giving name to the village The surface is hilly and well v/ooded. The land is chiefly in tillage, with a small proportion of pasture and woodland. The soil is in general a sharp gravel and chalk, but fertile in the neighbourhood of the village. The line of the Great Western railway intersects the parish. The tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of 009, and the glebe comprises 3 acres. The living is a rect.* in the dioc. of Oxford, val. 430. The church is dedicated to St. James the Great. The interior contains a chalk monument of singular appear- ance to Sir John Davis, to whom the manor formerly belonged. The parochial charities produce about 51 per annum, including the endowment of Breedon's school. The Independents have a place of worship. Do la Bere House, Shooter's Hill Ilouse, Pungboum Lodge, and Rosewood Cottage are the principal resi- dences. E. A. Breedon, Esq., is lord of the manor. Many Roman antiquities were discovered here in October, 1838. PANGWERN, a tnshp. in the par. of Pennant, co. Montgomery, 9 miles N.W. of Llant'yllin. PANHOPE, a small harbour on the E. side of Flotta Island, Orkney Islands coast of Scotland. It lies to Ilia S. of Scalpa Flos.