Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 3.djvu/173

Rh PANBOROUGH. 161 PANCRAS, ST. station on the Cambridge section of the Great Eastern railway. The village, which is of small extent, is chiefly agricultural. The soil is of a gravelly nature, with a subsoil of chalk and gravel. The land is almost wholly arable, except about 150 acres of pasture. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment under an Enclosure Act in 1799. The living is a vie.* in the dioc. of Ely, val. 85. The church, dedicated to St. John the Baptist, has a spired tower containing four bells. It is situated in the centre of the village. The parochial charities produce about 35 per annum. There is a commodious school, which was built at the expense of W. P. Hammond, Esq. PANBOROUGH, a hmlt. in the par. of Wedmore, bund, of Bempstone, co. Somerset, 5 miles V. of Wells. PAKBRIDE, apar. in the districtof Dundee, co. Forfar, Scotland, 5 miles S.W. of Arbroulh. It contains, besides the vil. of its own name, the vils. of Huirdrum, West Haven, and East Haven, also the hmlts. of Gallowlaw and Newtown-Panbride. The parish is bounded on the S.E. by the German Ocean, and on the other sides by the parishes of Barry llonikio, Carmylie, Arbirlot, and St. Vigeans. It extends in length about 5 miles from S. I'., to N.W., with a breadth of about 2 miles. The surface is moderately even, but rises towards the N. A large portion of the land is in a state of cultivation. The soil of the arable part consists of a clayey loam, but that towards the N. is moorish, and towards the coast sandy. The coast is flat and rocky, but has two open harbours at the East and West Havens, where small vessels can discharge their cargoes in mild weather. Limestone and sandstone occur, botli of which are worked. The parish is traversed by the Dundee and Arbroath railway, which has stations at East Haven and Car- nuustie, and is watered by two or three streams. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in the fisheries. This par. is in the presb. of Arbroath and synod of Angus and Mearns, and in the patron, of the crown. The minister has a stipend of 231. The church is a cruci- form structure, erected in 1851. There are, besides a Free church, a parochial school and library, and several other schools. In the northern part of the parish stands the house of Panmure, with its enclosures and planta- tions ; and near the house are vaults and foundations of the old castle of Panmure, the seat of the Maules. PANCRAS, a hmlt. in the par. of Old Cleeve, co. Somerset, 2 miles S.W. of Watchet. PANCRAS, ST., a par. and extensive suburban dis- trict of London, in the Holborn div. of the hund. of Ossulstone and borough of Jlarylebono. co. Middlesex, 2J miles N.W. of St. Paul's. It contains tho Euston- square terminus of the London and North- Western rail- way ; the King's-cross terminus of the Great Northern ; the new terminus of the Midland Counties railway, now in course of construction ; the Chalk-farm junction sta- tion of the North London, West London Extension, and London and North- Western lines ; also the several stations on the North London and Metropolitan lines. This important par. comprises 2,600 acres, lying be- tween Maiden-lane, Tavistock-square, Regent's-park, Primrose- hill, and Caen-wood, and includes tho popu- lous hmlts. of Camden, Kentish, and Somers' towns, King's-cross, and parts of Haverstock-hill and High- gate. Tho parish is traversed by the several lines of railway mentioned above, and by the .Regent's-park .1, on the banks of which are numerous wharves and (lore-houses. Few places exhibit in a more striking Tier the extraordinary increase which, within the last century, and particularly during the last twenty- five years, has taken place in tho numerous districts on the metropolis. In 1251 this parish con- d 40 houses, but it subsequently declined, and in '< contained only 60 inhabitants, being described by n temporary writer as "a remote and isoUted spot, of roages, vagabondes, and thieves ; " it now has a population of more than 200,000, and in the magnili- '<!' its streets and public buildings rivals the best districts of the metropolis. Amongst other fashionable neighbourhoods may be mentioned Argyll, Brunswick, Camden, Euston, Fitzroy, Gordon, Harrington, Mecklen- burgh, Oakley, Regent, Tavistock squares ; Burton, Gloucester, and Mornington crescents ; Chester, Cum- berland, and Gloucester terraces, facing tho Regent's- park ; tlie last are adorned with alto-relievos and statues. At the N.W. extremity of tho park, which is partly within this parish, are the gardens of the Zoological Society, laid out in walks and shrubberies, and contain- ing various buildings for tho interesting and extensive collection of wild animals, birds, reptiles, and insects, many of which have become acclimatised and bred in the gardens. At the eastern side of the park are the Diorama, now turned into a chapel, built in 1823 at a cost of 9,000 ; the Colosseum, built by Decimus Burton in 1827, after the model of the Pantheon at Rome, with a massive and boldly projecting portico of six columns, of the Doric order, supporting a cornice and triangular pediment. This last-named building, de- signed for the exhibition of the panorama of London, taken by Hornor and E. Paris in 1822 from the top of St. Paul's Cathedral, is 400 feet in circumference, and is surmounted by a spacious and well-proportioned dome crowned with a parapet; adjoining the main building are the Swiss cottage, lake, and falls, gallery of car- toons, &c. On the same side of the park is St. Knthe- rine's Hospital, first founded in 114S, on the site of St. Katherine's Docks, by Queen Maud, but removed to its present site in 1826 ; also the cavalry barracks in Albany-street, built of brick, and occupying an area of 83- acres, with stabling for 400 horses, a riding-school, infirmary, magazine, and exercise ground. About a quarter of a milo to the S.E. of the Regent's-park, at the lower end of Gower-street, stands University Col- lege, founded in 1825 by Lord Brougham and others ; the building, which is still incomplete, consists of ono eide of a quadrangle, 400 feet in length, with a Grecian portico of 10 columns in the centre, designed by Wilkins : it comprises a hall, 90 feet by 45; library, 120 feet by 50, containing 30,000 volumes, of which 10,000 are in Chinese; a museum, 120 feet by 50, now occupied by the junior school ; an anatomical room and laboratory, 95 feet by 28 ; 4 lecture-rooms, 65 feet by 50 ; besides other offices. In the rotunda under the dome are ex- hibited above 100 casts cf Flaxman's works, Westina- cott's, " Locke," and other art treasures. Opposite the college stands the University College Hospital, origi- nally founded in 1834, but enlarged in 1846 by the addi- tion of a N. wing, built by Ainger. Tho total cost of the buildings and fittings was about 150,000, and the hos- pital has an income of about 5,000. In connection with the London University is University Hall, in Gordon-square, built in 1850 by Donaldson : it has four Flaherty scholarships of 50, besides other prizes. Fur- ther to the E., between Brunswick and Mecklenburgh squares, stands the Foundling Hospital, founded by Captain Coram in 1739, under royal charter of George II., " for the maintenance and instruction of deserted in- fants." These premises consist of a spacious chapel, which occupies the centre of a block of brick building designed by T. Jacobson in 1742, with two wings con- taining dormitories, school-rooms, and the apartments of the managers of tho institution, which is supported by an endowment of 12,000 per annum, arising from funded property, besides other small sums given for admission to the chapel, tho children's work, and sub- scriptions. The chapel is decorated with an altar-piece painted by West, and the organ was presented by Handel, who performed here his " Messiah," and pre- sented the proceeds to the charity ; also portraits of tho founder, Dr. Mead, Charles II., views of Bethlehem, Chelsea, Christ's, and Greenwich hospitals, and Ho- garth's famous " March to Finchley." Other public buildings are the Welsh School, in Gray's-inn-lane, built of brick in 1715, and containing portraits and several Welsh manuscripts ; the Free Hospital, in the Gray's-inn-road, founded in 1828 by Dr. Marsden, and supported by an income of 5,000; the Prince of Wales's Theatre, a plain building, in Tottenham-street, the Veterinary College, in College-street, Camden'