Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 2.djvu/87

Rh GALWAY. 79 GAMRIE. Aghrinlands, Galway, Ballinamore, Ballinasloe, Clare- more, Clonbur, Clont'ert, Duulo, FairhiU, Gort, Kil- oorban, Killymore, Mount Bellew Bridge, Tuam, Tub- berhadden, Turloughmore, and Williamstown. GALWAY, a bar. in the co. Galway, prov. of Con- naught, Ireland. Its area is 23,504 acres. It contains, besides the suburban district of the county of the town of Galway, the pars, of Oranmore, Rahoon, and St. Nicholas. GALWAY, a corporate and parliamentary borough, market and post town, exercising jurisdiction, but locally situated in the co. of its name, prov. of Connaught, Ire- land, 126-J miles W.of Dublin, by the Midland Great Wes- tern railway. It is situated on the N. shore of Galway Bay, and on the Galway river, which issues from Lough Corrib, and falls into the bay. It is the principal city of the West of Ireland, and is supposed to be the Nagnata of Ptolemy, but the earliest historical notice of it is in 1132, when it was taken and destroyed by Connor, King of Munster, and again by Turlough O'Brien in 1149. After the O'Flahertys had again fortified it, it was taken by Richard de Burgh, who walled it round in 1270, and settled here with the thirteen tribes, from whom spring the chief families of the county. In 1312 additions were made and the great gate added. In 1996 it obtained a grant of incorporation, which was confirmed by Henry IV., and a license to coin money added by statute. In 1493 the mayor, James Lynch Fitzstephen, hanged his own son for murder outside the window of his dwelling, under which a carving is placed representing a skull and crossbones. The town was constantly agitated by mercantile squabbles with the Limerick men, par- ticularly during the time of Henry VIII., which were quelled by treaty in the 17th century. During the rising in 1641, the Earl of Clanricarde took the town and held it against the rebels, but was at length compelled to open the gates to Captain Willoughby. In con- sequence of the thousands who fled into the town from the terrors of the rebellion, a pestilence broke out, which destroyed 3,700 of the population. In 1652 the town surrendered to Sir C. Coote for the king. In 1690 James II. garrisoned the place, but in 1691, after the battle of Aughrim, William III.'s troops, under General do Ginkill, besieged and took it. The old town contains many curious old houses, with arms carved over the gateways. Great improvements have recently been made, and an entirely new town has sprung up on the opposite side of the river, which is crossed by three bridges. The town with its suburbs extends over an area of 24,132 acres. Population of the town in 1861, 16,786, of the borough 24,990. Here are a church, three Roman Catholic chapels, three monas- teries, five nunneries, Presbyterian and Methodist meeting-houses, court-houses, county and town prisons, infirmary, fever hospital, custom-house, endowed schools, Erasmus Smith's school, union poorhouse, and two barracks; also ono of the Queen's Colleges, founded in 1845, and opened in November, 1849. (It is built in the Elizabethan style, and has a library measuring llo feet by 25 feet; has professors of the ancient and rn languages, sciences, arts, and professions, with an attachment of ten senior scholarships of 40 and 30, junior of 25, and some others. Here are also breweries, distilleries, tanneries, foundries, flour and paper mills. town is well lighted with gas. The Midland Great V' -stern railway has its terminus here, with* a hand- some hotel and club-house. The Corrib and Mask navigation is now completed, and carried into the bay by c;nial. County assizes and sessions are held here, head police, coastguard, and revenue ins. Tin 1 government of the borough is entrusted high-sin .-: ill', recorder, magistrates, and 24 corn- It returns two members to parliament.
 * iturm-y in 1S.59, 1,300. The revenue of the borough

I, 'I M about 4,100. The shipping trade is very nd tin- herring and salmon fisheries employ a i"n of the inhabitants, Galway liny, one of in Inland, is sheltered by theArran lalus. It bonding port, under the rule of 03 commissi- and has a floating dock of 5 acres in extent, capable of admitting vessels of 14 feet draught. The harbour light stands on Mutton Island. There are two other lights on the Arrans, and the port light is visible at a distance of 28 miles. Some of the finest marbles are exported from here. The newspapers published in the town are the Press, the Express, and the Vindicator. -The living, consisting of seven parishes, is under a warden, and is exempt from episcopal jurisdiction. It was formerly part of the ancient bishopric of Enachdune, comprising ten parishes, after- wards annexed to the diocese of Tuam. The church, built in 1320, and dedicated to St. Nicholas, is a cruciform structure in the decorated English style. It was made a collegiate church by Edward VI., and was endowed with the suppressed monasteries of Amaghdown and Ballintubber by Queen Elizabeth. In the lioman Catholic arrangement it gives name to a see, comprising twelve parishes. The principal seats in the vicinity of the town are Dangan, Rahoon, Meiilo Castle, and some others. Galway Poor-iaw Union ranks as 43rd ; it contains 24 electoral divisions, and is wholly in Galway. It has 23 guardians, anda poorhouse with room for 1,210 paupers. Market days are Wednesdays and Saturdays. Fairs are held on the 31st May, 21st September and October. Races take place in August. There are conveyances to Ballinamore, Clifden, Limerick, Sligo, and Tuam. GALWAY BAY, lying between the co. of Galway, prov. of Connaught, and the co. of Clare, prov. of Mun- ster, Ireland. It is one of the finest bays in the island, penetrating 27 miles inland, and measuring 23 miles from Hags Head to Gulen Head. It is computed to extend over 30,000 acres. Its depth varies from 25 to 4 fathoms, except at the Santa Margarita Rock, where it has only 12 feet. The Arran Islands protect it from the swell of the ocean. On the S. side are the harbours of Blackhead and Kinvarra, on the N. New Harbour and Galway Harbour, and Casleh and Greatmaus bays. The islands of the bay have an area of 1,000 acres, childly pasture and arable. The great Galway fishery extends 107 miles between Blackhead and Macchead, and em- ploys nearly 8,000 men with 1,900 vessels. Along the N. coast the scenery is very bare, but the S. abounds in delightful prospects. GAMBLESBY, a tnshp. in the par. of Addingham, ward of Leith, co. Cumberland, 4 miles S.E. of Kirkos- wald. GAMBLESBY, a hmlt. in the par. of Aikton, ward and co. of Cumberland, 2 miles N. of Wigton. It forms a tnshp. with Biglands. The Independents and Wes- leyans have chapels. GAMLINGAY, a par. in the hund. of Longstow, co. Cambridge, 6 miles S.W. of Caxton, and 6 S.E. of St. Neot's, its post town. It is a station on the Bedford and Cambridge branch of the London and North- Western railway. The par. includes the hmlt. of Woodbury. Previous to the 17th century this was a market town, and in possession of the Avenell and St. George families. The living is a vie.* and rect. in the dioc. of Ely, the former of the val. of 288, in the patron, of the bishop, and the latter of 256, in the patron, of Mertoii College, Oxford. The church, dedicated to St. Mary, has a handsome altar-piece, formerly in Ely House, London. There arc almshouscs for 10 persons, having an endowment of 60 per annum, bequeathed by Mrs. Elizabeth Lane, and other charities producing about 10. There are chapels belonging to the Baptists, Wesleyans, and Primitive Methodists ; also National and British schools for both sexes. GAMMERSGILL, a hmlt. in the tnshp. of Carlton- Highdale, North Riding co. York, 6 miles S.W. of Mid- dleham. GAMHIE, a par. in the district of Buchan, co. Banff, Scotland, the western extremity of which is li mile from the town of Banff. This par. contains the post town and port of Macduff, and the vils. of Gardenstown and Corvic. It is situated on the coast of the Firth of Moray, contains (iamrie Head, which is 403 feet high, and is bounded on the E. by Aberdour, and on the W. by the river Deveron. It is 10 miles long by 4