Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 2.djvu/765

Rh MANATON. 757 MANCHESTER. parochial charities produce about 5 per annum. There are village schools. MANATON, a par. in the hund. of Teignbridge, co. Devon, 5 miles S. of Moreton-Hampstead, its post town, and 10 N.W. of Newton-Abbott railway station. It is a small agricultural village, situated near the river Wrey. Within the parish is Grimspound British camp, extending over 4 acres, being 400 feet in diameter, and containing several circles of much smaller dimensions. Here is a curious rock called Bowerman's, which con- sists of five large stones above 30 feet in height, resem- bling in shape a gigantic human figure; also the Horsham Steps, consisting of several detached rocks, under which the river Bovey flows for several hundred feet before forming the cascade of Becky Fall. The soil consists of sand, with a subsoil of gra- nite. The latter, which is extensively worked, supplied part of the material for the erection of Waterloo Bridge, London. At Challacombe, in this parish, are extensive tin mines,. The living is a rect. * in the dioc. of Exeter, val. 209. The church, dedicated to St. Winifred, is an ancient stone structure with a lofty embattled tower con- taining four bells. The interior of the church contains a carved screen. In 1779 the E. front of the church was destroyed by lightning, and one of the pinnacles forced through the roof. The parochial charities pro- duce about 15 per annum. There is a place of worship for the Wesleyans, also a school partly supported by subscription. The Eev. J. B. S. Carwithen, Bampton lecturer at Oxford in 1809, was a native. JIANBY, a par. in the Marsh div. of the hund. of Louth-Eske, parts of Lindsey, co. Lincoln, 5J miles S.E. of Louth, its post town, and 3 N.E. of the Leyburn railway station. The village, which is small, is wholly agricultural. The tithes were commuted for land and a money payment, under an Act of Enclosure in 1815. The living is a rect. in the dioc. of Lincoln, val. 482. The church, dedicated to St. Mary, is a stone structure with a square tower containing three bells. The parochial charities produce about 1 5s. per annum. The Wesleyans have a place of worship. Simon Thomas Scrope, Esq., is lord of the manor. MANBY, a hmlt. in the par. of Broughton, co. Lin- coln, 4 miles N.W. of Glanford-Brigg. It contains Manby Hall. MAN, CALF OF, an island in the Irish Sea, lying to the S. of the Isle of Man, from which it is separated by a rocky channel several hundred yards in breadth. It is nearly opposite the promontory of Spanish Head, and is about 5 miles in circumference. The cliffs, especially on the western side, rise perpendicularly to the height of from 300 to 400 feet, the highest point of the island being 500 feet above the level of the sea. It a chiefly used as sheep pasture, and commands distant views of the Welsh, Scotch, and Irish mountains. MANCETTER, or MANGESTER, a par. in the Atherstone div. of the hund. of Hemlingford, co. Warwick, containing Atherstone railway station and post town, 1 mile S.E. of the vil. of Mancetter. It is situated on the Coventry canal and river Anker, and contains the populous hmlts. of Atherstone, Hartshill, and Oldbury, the seat of the Okeovers. It is supposed to be the site of the Roman Mandutssedum on Watling Street, and has a camp of 6 acres, where numerous relics have been found. In this parish are extensive stone quarries, and productive mines of manganese of superior quality. The living is a vie.* in the dioc. of Worcester, yal. 230. The parish church, dedicated to St. Peter, is an ancient structure, standing on the site of the camp. It has an E. window of ancient stained glass, and a tablet to Robert Glover, of Mancetter House, who was burnt at Coventry as a Protestant martyr in Queen Mary's time. In addition to the parish church, there are two district churches, viz. at Atherstone and Harthill, the livings of which are t. curs., val. 150 and 155 respectively. The parochial charities produce about 829, of which 205 goes to the hospital or almshouscs founded by James Gramer in 1724. The Trent Valley railway and the VOL. II. Coventry canal pass through the parish. Mancettei House is the principal residence, and has been the family seat of the Glovers for a considerable period. Oval flint axes or celts, Roman bricks, gold, silver, and brass coins, with various other antiquities, have been fuund here. MANCHESTER, a municipal and parliamentary borough, tnshp., par., union, and episcopal see, in the hund. of Salford, co. palatine of Lancaster, 162 miles from London, situate in a low tract of ground on each side of the Irwell, at the confluence of the Medlock and Irk. Its ancient name was variously Manaurium, Manu- tium, or Mancunium. It was created a parliamentary borough at the passing of the Reform Bill in 1832, and contains the following pars. : Ancoats, Ardwick, Beswick, Birch, Blackley, Bradford, Broughton, Bur- nage, Cheetham, Chorlton-cum-Hardy, Chorlton-cum- Medlock, Crumpsall, Denton, Didsbury, Droylsden, Failsworth, Gorton, Harpurhey, Haughton, Heaton Norris, Hulme, Levenshulme, Longsight, Moss-side, Moston, Newton, Openshaw, Platt, Redbank, Reddish, Rusholme, Stretford, and Withington. Manchester is now the great seat of the cotton manufacture, and as it possesses advantageous railway communication with every important town in the kingdom, is alike prosperous and populous, and has risen to a position of the first magnitude. The chief public buildings are the Royal Exchange, originally a semicircular structure, situated at the junction of Market- street, W. end, and St. Ann's- square; was enlarged in 1838, and opened in 1840, and then further enlarged to present dimensions in 1847; prin- cipal room, 185 feet by 94 ; height, 60 ; total area, 1,668 square yards ; is divided longitudinally by two light colon- nades into three avenues, the columns being Ionic, copied from the Temple of Erectheus ; the stone of the present edifice was laid on the 1st May, 1847; opened to sub- scribers 19th May, 1849. The townhall, stone, corner of King-street and Cross-street ; first stone laid in 1822 ; erected from the designs of William Godwin ; completed in 1825; copied from Temple of Erectheus; dome i great hall from the octagonal tower of Andronicus, known as Athenian Temple of the Winds ; in the niches on each side of the portico are figures of Solon and Alfred the Great, and in the attic story above it are medallions of Hale, Locke, and Solon ; the great hall, approached by a broad staircase, is 131 feet long and 38 feet wide, its walls, and the dome which forms tho centre of the building, being covered with allegorical frescoes ; in this building is situated the offices of tho Chamber of Commerce, which consists of twenty- four directors, and is one of the chief mercantile institutions of the town. Post-office, situated in Brown - street, Market-street, since enlargement of the Exchange ; an unpretending building, the upper part of which is used as the borough court room. Corn exchange, Hanging Ditch, a more pretentious edifice, with a front of six Ionic fluted columns ; opened in 1837, and cost 4,000 ; holds 2,500 ; is supported by cast-iron pillars ; chief hall contains an area of 600 yards. Branch Bank of England, Pall Mall and King-street ; Doric, from designs byCockerell; opened in March, 1847. The Athenseum, erected in 1837, from the designs of Sir Charles, then Mr. Barry, at a cost of 18,000 ; projected " to afford persons of the middle classes a suitable place of meeting in which they might be informed of all advances in science and art ; " contains a library of 20,000 volumes, news-room, class-rooms, lecture hall, &c., and about 1,500 members. The Manchester and Salford assize courts, in Ducie - street, Strangeways; erected from designs and under the superintendence of Mr. Water- house, then a local architect ; the finest architectural edifice in Manchester ; contains two greater courts for civil and crown business, with smaller courts for chan- cery proceedings ; a fine library, filled with some law publications for the use of the barristers attending the courts ; grand jury room, dining hall, large central hall, with a great number of ante rooms and subter- ranean rooms for the despatch of business connected with the assizes : the design is Gothic, and although the 5 o