Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 2.djvu/761

Rh MALLOCH. 753 MALMESBURY. Norman tower at the W. end. In 1778, it was re- roofed, and a new spire subsequently added. It contains a monument to Sir Robert Brett. The Baptists have a place of worship. There is a National school. It is the head of a Poor-law Union comprising 22 parishes, and the seat of a superintendent registry ; but it is in- cluded in the Blaidstone new County Court district. Fairs are held on the 12th August, 2nd October, and 17th November. MALLOCH. See MAHNOCH, co. Banff. MALLOW, a par., post, and market town in the bar. of Fermoy, co. Cork, prov. of Munster, Ireland. The par. has a small portion lying within the bar. of Duhallow. It is 4J miles long by 3J broad, and contains, besides the town of its own name, the vil. of Lackanalooha. The surface consists of a part of the valley of the Blackwater river. The living is a rect. in the dioc. of Cloyne, val. 450. The church, which stands in the town, was erected in 1820 by means of a loan from the late Board of First Fruits. It is a handsome structure. Here are a Roman Catholic chapel, and meeting-houses for Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists, and for Inde- pendents. The principal seats are Dromore, Mallow, Bcurforest, Carrig Longueville, and Quartcrtown. The town is situated on the N. bank of the river Black- water, at the cross roads from Cork to Limerick, and from Dublin to Millstreet, 20 miles N. of Cork, and 147 from Dublin. It is a station on the Killarney branch of the Great Southern and Western railway. It consists prin- cipally of one long street, well paved, and presenting a neat appearance. A bridge of three arches connects the town with its suburb Ballydaheen, which forms part of the borough. Mallow is a parliamentary borough and excise town, governed by a manor seneschal and 21 commissioners. It was first chartered by James I., and sent two members to the Irish parliament ; but since the Union, it has sent but one representative to parliament. The constituency in 1859 was 151. It contains a chief police station, court-house, market-house, excise office, bridewell, two banks, a savings-bank, barracks, spa- room, tan-works, mills, newsroom, club, dispensary, fever hospital, and poorhouse. The population in 1861 was 4,824. The Agricultural Association and Duhallow hunt meet here. Mallow owes its importance to the nee of its warm spring, the waters of which are similar in properties to those of Clifton, and, being' in much repute, the place is frequented in the season by numbers of fashionable folks. The surrounding country is dotted with numerous villas and county residences. Hallow was anciently a possession of the Desmond family, by whom it was forfeited, and whose ancient stronghold, Mallow Castle, is seen near the bridge. The town, after its forfeiture, was granted to Sir John Morris, from whom it came to the Jephsons. At the opposite extremity of the town, stands Castle Gurr. In 1642 the was attacked by Lord Mountgarret, and, in 1G90, Mir Uonnough made advances upon the town soon after kittle of the Boyne, but met with a decided repulse. Mallow Poor-law Union contains 13 electoral divisions in co. Cork, with 25 guardians. The poorhouse has room for 1,450. Quarter and petty sessions are held here. Tuesday and Friday are market days. Fairs are held .^t January, Monday before Shrove Tuesday, 13th May, 27th July, and 30th October. Great cattle markets are held on the 1st Tuesday in each month, and races are run in September. MALLTKAETH, a hund. in co. Anglesea. It is tod on Maltraeth Bay, and contains the pars, of il'raw, Cerrig-Ceinwen, Heneglwys, Llangadwa- , Llangristiolus, Llangwyfan, with Trefdraeth. It <r. .MALLWYD, a par. in thehunds. of Talybout and Mathrafel, cos. Merioneth and Montgomery, 9 miles from illy, its post town, and 2 S. of Dinas-Mowddwy. It is situated on the river Dyfi, under Camlan and Moel 1'yli, comprising Dinas and 7 other tnshps. Mallwyd is a favourite resort of anglers, and, from ita varied ry, is much frequented by artists. The living is a rect.* in the dioc. of Bangor, vol. 255, in the patron. of the bishop. The church, dedicated to St. Tydecha, is a small, plain structure, with the communion-table ia the centre. The churchyard is famous for its yew trees, one of which is 24 feet in girth. The parochial charities produce about 12 per annum. At Pont- Fall wyd, a short distance from the village, is a waterfall of the river Dovy. MALMESBURY, a hund. in co. Wilts, containing the pars, of Abbay, Ashley, Bremilham, Brinkworth, Broken- borough, with Charlton, Crudwell, Dauntsey, Draycot- Cerne, Foxley, Garsdon, Hankerton, Kemble, Lee, Malmesbury St. Paul, Long Newnton, Norton-Cole- parle, Oaksey, Poole-Keynes, Seagry, Great and Little Somerford, St. Quintin Stanton, Sutton Benger, St. Mary Westport, and parts of Hullavington and Minty, comprising an area 57,030 acres. MALMESBURY, a par., post., and market town, municipal and parliamentary borough, having separate jurisdiction, but locally in the hund. of Malmesbury, co. Wilts, 42 miles N. of Salisbury, 94 W. of London, and 7 W. of the Minety station on the Great Western rail- way. It is situated on elevated ground on the river Avon, over which there are six bridges. The con- verging branches of the river partly encircle the town, uniting at its southern extremity, where they form the Lower Avon. It is stated by Leland to have been an ancient British town, called Caer Bladon ; but the earliest historical mention is of the middle of the 7th century, when a fortress existed here called Ingelburne. It was subsequently famed for its mitred Benedictine abbey, founded on the site of the hermitage of St. Mailduff and Aldhelm, hence called Mealdchnesbyrig by Bishop Leu- therius of Winchester, in 675. Buildings gradually arose round the abbey, forming a town which was chartered by Edward the Elder, and was endowed by Athelstan with the common called King's Heath. It continued to flourish, notwithstanding the ravages of the Danes, and, at the time of the Conquest, was one of the most im- portant places in Wilts. A castle was built here by Bishop Roger, of Salisbury, in Henry I.'s time, which was taken by Stephen, and again, in 1152, by Prince Henry, afterwards Henry II., who laid siego to this for- tress, and took it after an obstinate defence. The abbot was made a mitred parliamentary baron by Edward III., and the revenue of the abbey at the Dissolution was 803 17*. 1A. The town, which gives title of carl and baron to the Harrises of Great Durnford, was garrisoned in the Civil War for Charles I., and was twice taken by the parliamentary army. Under the Charter of Incor- poration, confirmed by William III. in 1 696, it is governed by a high steward, an alderman, and 12 capital burgesses. It returned two members to parliament from Edward I.'s time, but, since the Reform Act, it returns but one, the right of election being extended to the 10 householders of an enlarged district. The town is well lighted with gas, and was paved under authority of an Act of Parlia- ment obtained in 179S. It consists of a principal street, called High-street, which is crossed at the top by Oxford- street and Gloucester-street, the latter leading to tho parish of Westport St. Mary. It contains two banks, a savings-bank, townhall, and a spacious market-place, in which is an octangular market cross, erected in the reign of Henry VIL, and ornamented with flying buttresses, pinnacles, and an octangular central turret. A brisk trade was formerly carried on in woollen cloth, but is now decayed. There are breweries, tanyarda, and. a newly-established ribbon manufactory; pillow lace is also made by the women and children. Malmesbury Common, or King's Heath, which was given to the town by King Athelstan, was enclosed under an Act of Par- liament, passed in 1826, which entitles every freeman in tho borough to one allotment, and to every capital bur- gess from 8 to 15 acres. The loftiest point of the com- mon is Shade Hill. Tho town is a polling-place for North Wiltshire, and petty sessions for the hundred of Malmesbury are held here once a month. Tho outlying portions of tho now borough are chiefly in meadow and pasture, with a small proportion of rich arable land.
 * name to a deanery in the archdeac. and dioc. of