Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 2.djvu/705

Rh LONDON. 697 LONDON. the drivers are issued by the Commissioners of Police, and policemen are required to be furnished with books of fares BO as to decide disputes between cabmen and passengers. Tables of fares between well-known spots are affixed to public buildings and places of general re- sort. The general fare is 6rf. per mile for two persons, and Gd. extra for each person exceeding that number, two children under ten years of age reckoning as one adult. If hired by time, the faro is 2s. per hour, and the driver is compelled to drive at the least 4 miles in the hour. The drivers must wear a badge with a number on it, and produce a ticket (also numbered) if it is de- manded. If luggage is carried inside, no payment for it is required ; but if it is placed outside, the charge is 2d. for each box or package. The principal omnibus s are N. and S. ; N. and the City ; to and from between the N. and the W. ; the W. and the E. ; the . ,ind the City ; the S. and the W. ; and the S. and the City. The fares vary from "id. to 6d., according to the by-laws of the different companies, and the dis- s travelled by the passengers. The chief centres unibus traffic arc the Bank of England, the Mansion ', and Bishopsgate-street, for omnibuses plying E. and W., along the routes between Stratford, Bow, Mile-end, Whitechapel, Hackney, Black wall, &c., on the ad Bayswater, Chelsea, Brompton, Kensington, &c., on the W. ; Gracechurch-street for those going S. ; tho 'Angel" at Islington for Ball's Pond, Kingsland, Homer- ic. ; Tottenham-Court-road for the Victoria sta- . ( iamden and Kentish Towns, Highgato, Hampstead, liley, and the northern suburbs ; the "Elephant and Castle " for the southern suburbs, the City, and the West End ; the Regent-circus at Oxford-street for Bays- water, the Great Western railway, &c. ; and of Regent- 1 and the Piccadilly-circus for tho Strand, Hyde Park Corner, Westminster ; St. Paul's Churchyard for mersmith, Kcw, &c. ; and tho Bank, Charing-cross and the various railway stations for almost every part of London. Tho London General Omnibus Company has the largest number of vehicles on the metropolitan roads ; and, on Whit- Monday, 1865, 195,805 passengers travelled by its conveyances alone, while its receipts for one week frequently amount to over 14,000. The river steam lioats belong principally to the Citizen, Waterman, and Iron Boat Companies. Penny boats run constantly between Westminster and London Bridge on the N., and to the Surrey side on tho S. of the river, stopping at all tho intermediate piers. Eastward boats go to the Thames Tunnel, Greenwich, Woolwich, Blackwall, Thames Haven (for passengers to Margate and Rams- gate), and Gravesend ; and, westward, to Vauxhall, Cremorne, Battersea, Hammersmith, Kew, Richmond, Twickenham, &c. , most of them calling at the intermediate piers to embark and disembark passengers. There are I also some vessels on the American saloon-steamer plan I plying between London Bridge and Gravesend. Their 1 is very great, as they make 20 miles an hour, and will doubtless soon become very general on the on by Awdway has been calculated, without counting i who tntvel over the Metropolitan lines, at about 1,000,000 in tho year. The principal termini are the at Western at Paddington, the Great Northern and
 * river. Tho numbers of persons who enter and leave
 * it King's-cross, the Great Eastern in

h, tho Nortli- Western in Euston-square, tho Brighton, and South Coast, tho South-Eastern, i Kent, the Greenwich, and the Crystal Palace, n Bridge; tho South- Western at Waterloo iio London, Chatham, and Dover, and tho West 1 Crystal Palace, at the Victoria Station, Pirn- London and Blackwall and the North London lurch-street. The great connecting links be-
 * 'l S. of England are the Clapham Junc-

ington stations on the West London Ex- y. For passengers travelling within the i ho metropolis, the West London runs from tho lensingtnn and KuM"n stations to Blackwall and Fen- Sonth-Eastern from London Bridge and Charing Cross ; the Great Western (in connection with tho Metropolitan or Underground railway) from Farringdon-street to Notting-hill, Shep- herd's Bush, Kensington, and Hammersmith. On this line, also, trains run from Kensington to Baling, Han- well, and Southall., The South- Western runs trains from Waterloo-bridge to Vauxhall, Kensington, Chelsea, and Battersea, and so on to the Clapham Junction, and Wandsworth, Putney, Barnes, Chiswick, Kew, Houn- slow, Richmond, Kingston, and Windsor. From Vic- toria trains go to Battersea Park, Wandsworth-road, Clapham, and Stockwell, Loughborough-road, Camber- well New-road, tho Walworth-road, the " Elephant and Castle," the Borough-road, Blackfriars Bridge, and Lud- gate-hill ; and, by the London, Chatham, and Dover line, to Herne-hill, Dulwich, Sydenham-hill, and so on to Rochester Bridge and Chatham. From London Bridge trains run to New Cross, Forest Hill, Sydenham, the Crystal Palace, Gipsy Hill, Lower Norwood, Streatham, Balham, and New Wandsworth, to the Clapham Junc- tion, and so on through Battersea, Chelsea, Kensington, and Battersea Park, to Victoria. From London Bridge and Victoria there are also trains to Epsom, and these stations present scenes of great confusion and excitement on the " Derby " and " Oaks " days, as also do tho sta- tions on the " Downs," from the crowding and anxiety of the many thousands who are anxious to witness those celebrated races. Tho North London railway has its principal station at Fenchurch-street, and its route is through Blackwall, Stepney, Bow, Stratford, Victoria- park, Hackney, Kingsland, Newington-road, Highbury, the Caledonian-road, and Camden-road, to the Camden station at Chalk Farm. To this latter station trains from Euston also run, and so proceed by Kilburn and Kensington to the Clapham Junction, the Crystal Pa- lace, Norwood, and New Croydon. By the North Kent line passengers travel from Charing-cross by Waterloo, Blackfriars, London Bridge, and New Cross, to Lewis- ham, Blackheath, Charlton, Woolwich Dockyard and Arsenal, Plumstead, Abbey Wood, Belvedere, Erith, Dartford, Greenhithe, Northflcet, Gravesend, Higham, and Strood ; while a line, branching off from Lewisham, runs through Lower Sydenham and Croydou to Becken- ham, Shortlands, Bromley, and Bickley. From the Bishopsgate station there are branch lines to Hertford, through Mile-end, Stratford, Lea Bridge for Waltham- stow, Tottenham, Park, Angel-road, Ponder's End, the Ordnance Factory, Waltham, Cheshunt, Broxbourne for Hoddesdon, Rye House, St. Margaret's and Ware, and another through Edmonton to Enfield. The main lino goes through Forest Gate, Ilford for Barking, Chadwell Heath, Romford, Brentwood, and Ingatestone, to Chelms- ford. From the Bishopsgate and Fenchurch-street sta- tions, the North Woolwich line passes through Stepney, Stratford Bridge, Barking-road, Victoria Docks, Silver- town, and North Woolwich, to Woolwich town ; and, from the same stations, tho Epping Forest lino runs through Stratford, Low Leyton, Leytonstone, Snares- brook, George Lane, Woodford, Buckhurst Hill, Lough- ton, Chigwell Road, andTheydon, to Epping, and so on, through North Weald and Blake Hall, to Ongar. Tho London and Blackwall railway runs through Shadwell, Stepney, Limehousp, the West India Docks, and Poplar, and the London, Tilbury, and Southend, through Step- ney, Bromley, Plaistow, East Ham, Barking, Rainham, Purfleet, Grays, Tilbury (for Gravesend), Low Street, Stanford-le-Hope, Pitsea, Purfleet, and Leigh, to South- end. From Fenchurch-street, also, trains run, titt the North London railway, to Kentish Town, Hampstead Heath, Finchley-road, Kensall Green, Acton, Kew, Mortlake, Richmond, Twickenham, Teddington, Hamp- ton Wick, and New Kingston. The Metropolitan or Underground railway runs from tho Bishop's-road sta- tion at Paddington, close to the main station of the Great Western railway, to Farringdon-street, and having as ita intermediate stations the Edgware-road, Baker-street, Portland-road (for the Regent's Park, Portland-place, &c.), Gower-strcet (for Tottenham-Court-road, Euston- squaro and station, &c.), and King's-cross (for the Great Northern and Midland railways, Pcntonvillo,