Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 2.djvu/65

Rh FOULSHAJI. FOWEY. div. of the hund. of Blackburn, co. palatine Lancaster, 2 miles N. of Colne. It is a station on the Midland railway. The village is pleasantly situated on the Leeds canal. There are stone-quarries extensively worked, and manufactories of cotton goods, affording employment to the people. The Wesleyans have a chapel, and there is a National school in which Divine service is performed on Sunday. The Liverpool and Leeds canal has two large reservoirs here. FOULSHAM, a par. in the hund. of Eynsford, co. Norfolk, 8 miles S.E. of Fakenham, and 17 N.W. of Norwich. The Elmham station on the Dereham and Wells branch of the Great Eastern railway is about 4 miles S.W. of the village. The river Vensum flows through the neighbourhood. The village is con- siderable, containing many good houses. Petty sessions are held on every alternate Monday. The market has for a long time been discontinued. The place, including the church, was partly destroyed by fire in 1770. The living is a rect.* in the dioc. of Norwich, val. 602. The church, which was restored after the fire, is a noble edifice of flint, with a handsome tower. It is dedicated to the Holy Innocents, and contains monumental figures of some of the Hunt family, and a defaced Saxon inscrip- tion. The register commences in 1708. The parochial endowments produce nearly 90 per annum. The Bap- tists have a chapel, and there is a National school for both sexes. Lord Hastings is lord of the manor. A cattle and pleasure fair is held on the first Tuesday in May, and one for hiring servants on the Tuesday fol- lowing Michaelmas Day. FOUNDRY, a hmlt. in the tnshp. of Seacroft, West Killing co. York, 4 miles N.E. of Leeds. FOUNTAINHALL, a hmlt., the seat of a post-office, and a station on the Edinburgh and Hawick railway, in the par. of Stow, co. Edinburgh, Scotland, 4 miles N.W. of the vil. of Stow. FOUNTAINS ABBEY, West Eiding co. York. See FOUNTAINS EAUTH. FOUNTAINS-EARTH, a tnshp. in the par. of Kirkby-Malzeard, lower div. of the wap. of Claro, West Riding co. York, 4 miles S.W. of Ripon. It is situated upon the rivers Nidd and Skell, and includes the hmlts. of Bowthwaitc, High and Low Lofthouse, and Sigs- worth. Fountains Abbey, a priory of Cistercian monks, was founded here in 1132, and being burnt, was re- founded in 1210-45, and richly endowed. The income of the establishment at the Dissolution amounted to 1,173 Os. Id. when the site was sold to Sir R. Graham. It is now the property of Earl do Grey. There are some fine remains, extending over 2 acres (originally 10). They lie in a vale watered by the Skell, and include the church, 351 feet by 186, with a tower 166 feet high, a fine nave, and E. window, monuments of a Percy and Mowbray, chapter-house, abbots' tombs, cloisters 300 feet long, &c. It was visited by the Archaeological Institute in 1846, when the abbot's house near the lady chapel and the oratory were traced. A group of yews, Baiil to be more than 1,200 years old, stands here. In the vicinity is Fountains Hall, partly built from the ruins of the abbey. FOUR- ASHES, a hmlt. in the co. of Stafford, 6 miles N. of Wolverhampton. The Grand Junction railway -ugh this place. FOUR-LANE-ENDS, a hmlt. in the tnshp. of Man- lam, West Riding co. York, 2 miles N.W. of Bradford. KorK-LANE-ENDS, a hmlt. in the tnshp. of Mor- I-v, Wist Hiding co. York, 5 miles S.W. of Leeds. 'I'orU-MILE-BURN, a hmlt. in the par. of Done- goro, liar, of Uppf-r Antrim, co. Antrim, Ireland. FOUR-MILE-WATER, a vil. in the par. of Kilronan, bar. of (llciuliiry, co. Waterford, prov. of Munster, Ire- i mill-* S.W. of Clomnel. It stands near the banks of the Suir. Here are a Roman Catholic chapel and a
 * ion. There is also a small stream called tin;

, in the co. fork. FOUR-Ti IWKUS, an cxt. par. place in the hund. of Bruton, co. Somerset. FOUR-TOWNS, the popular nomenclature given to the vils. of Hightae, Greenhill, Heck, and Srnallholni (which see), in the par. of Loehmaben, co. Dumfries, Scotland. FOVANT, a par. in the hund. of Cawden, co. Wilts, 6 miles S.W. of Wilton, and 10 W. of Salisbury, its post town. The Dinton station, on the Salisbury and Exeter branch of the London and South- Western rail- way, is 2 miles N.E. of the village. The river Avon flows through the parish. The living is a rect.* in the dioc. of Salisbury, val. 465. The church, an ancient edifice with a tower of noble proportions, is dedicated to St. George, and has an antique brass. The register commences in 1541. The charities are about 2 per annum. There is a National school. FOVERAN, a par. in the district of Ellon, co. Aber- deen, Scotland, 4 miles S. of Ellon. Newburgh is its post town. It is situated at the mouth of the river Ythan, and includes the burgh of barony Knockhall. It is 4 miles long and 2 wide. The surface is flat, inclining gently from the coast, and the soil fertile. This par. is in the presb. of Ellon and synod of Aberdeen, in the patron, of the crown. The minister has a stipend of 193. The church was built in 1794. There are also a Free church and three schools in the parish. At Newburgh there are a friendly society and savings-bank. Foveran House, Tillery House, and Ythan Lodge, are the principal residences. At Knockhall are the ruins of a castle, formerly a seat of the Udneys ; and not far from Newburgh the remains of Buchan's Chapel, or the Red Chapel. Fiddes Castle is another object of anti- quity. Cairns, tumuli, and other Pictish remains, exist in different parts of the parish. The river yields a good supply of salmon and trout. Pearls have been found in some quantities in the bed of the Ythan. FOWBERRY, a vil. in the tnshp. of Bamburgh, co. Northumberland, 3 miles N.E. of Wooler. It is situated on the river Till. Fowberry Tower is an old fortified residence, and was more than once assailed in the border wars. FOWEY, a par., ancient seaport, and market town, in the W. div. of the hund. of Powder, but having sepa- rate jurisdiction, in the co. of Cornwall, 22 miles E. by S. of Plymouth. It is situated on the right bank, and at the mouth of the river Fowey, which here expands its waters into a secure and spacious harbour, sheltered on both sides by lofty rocks, but extremely narrow at its entrance. In the channel and opposite the town there are 3 fathoms at low water. On the W. side of the harbour stands St. Catherine's Castle, built in the reign of Henry VIII., and on the E. side are the ruins of St. Saviour's, an old church. The former was once a strong fortress, and stands on a pile of rocks of hard bluish slate, intersected by quartz. There are also ruins of two square stone towers erected for the protection of the entrance in the reign of Henry IV., the walls of which are 6 feet in thickness. Between these forts a chain originally extended across the entrance of the harbour as an additional security. The houses are built chiefly of stone, and extend more than a mile along the banks of the river ; but the streets are so narrow and full of angles that a carriage of any description passes through them with great difficulty. The whole aspect of the town indicates the decay of trade, which, in the 13th and 14th centuries, rendered it a flourishing sea- port, and enabled it to rank with Rye and Winchelsea as a cinque port. In the reign of Edward III. it sent 47 vessels for assisting in the siege of Calais, being a greater number than was furnished by any other port in the kingdom. The pilchard fishery, once the staple industry of this place, is now extinct ; the only business at present is in the coasting trade and the shipment of copper ore, china clay, and paving stone. In the decen- nial period between 1851 and 1861 the population of the parish had decreased from 1,606 to 1,429. The town contains a market-house, over which is the townhall, and is incorporated by charter of James II., before which period the chief magistrate was a portreeve. It returned two members to parliament from the 13th year of the