Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 2.djvu/612

Rh LINCOLN. 601 LINDFIELD. The principal street crosses the river from its right bank by a bridge, and traverses a great part of the town. Lincoln is well paved, lighted with gas, and has a good supply of water. Of the public buildings the most important is the cathedral, one of the largest and finest structures of the kind in the kingdom ; situated on the summit of the hill, it forms a conspicuous object for many miles across the flat country which surrounds it. It was founded in the year 1088 by Bishop Remigius, on his translation from Dorchester, and is built in the form of a double cross. From its having been erected at different periods, it presents specimens of various styles of architecture, the predominant one being early English. The dimensions of the cathedral are as follow : length of exterior, 524 feet ; of interior, 482 feet ; width of V. front, 174 feet; length of exterior of great transept, 250 feet; of interior, 222 feet; width, 66 feet; length of smaller or eastern transept, 170 feet; width, including the side chapels, 44 feet. The V. front has richly deco- rated doorways, windows, niches, and arcades. Over the central one of the three doorways in this front, under decorated canopies, are statues of eleven kings of Eng- land. Flanking the W. front are two towers 180 feet high, formerly surmounted by spires 101 feet high ; and at each angle arc octangular staircase turrets crowned with pinnacles. The central tower, at the intersection of the transept with the nave and choir, is 300 feet high and 53 feet wide. Hanging in this tower is the celebrated bell called " Tom of Lincoln," recast from a larger one which until 1827 hung in the north-western tower, and placed here in 1834 ; it is 6|- feet in diameter at its mouth, and weighs 5 tons 8 cwt. Notwithstanding the narrow- ness of the side aisles, the interior of the cathedral has a very imposing effect. The Galilee porch in the southern transept is in the early English style, and ornamented with beautiful mouldings. At the end of the same tran- sept is a circular window, which is one of the finest in the early English style remaining. There is a fine E. window at the eastern end of the choir ; separating the nave from the choir is a rich stone screen. There are numerous chapels in different parts of the cathedral. On the N. side are the cloisters, enclosing an area of 118 feet by 91 feet; within this area is a Roman pavement. Over the northern cloister is Dean Honeywood's library, containing many ancient books and manuscripts. On the eastern side of the cloisters is the chapter-house, an elegant decagon 60J feet in diameter. Besides the cathedral, and the church of St. Nicholas, which was opened in 1840, 12 only of the 52 churches which Lin- coln is said once to have contained now remain, and these are for the most part small and destitute of architectural beauty. The Wesleyan Methodists and the Indepen- dents have each two chapels, and the Primitive Metho- dists, Huntingdon Connexion, General and Particular Baptists, Roman Catholics, Friends, and Unitarians, each one. The Roman Catholic chapel contains a fine painting of the Descent from the Cross. The principal public buildings, besides those above men- tioned, are, the county hall, a modern Gothic build- ing, erected from a design by Smirke, at a cost of 40,000 ; the county hospital, on the Steep Hill, erected in 1769; the lunatic asylum, a building with a noble front and portico of the Ionic order ; the county gaol, the city prison, the assembly rooms, the theatre, the Midland railway and the Great Northern rail- way stations, and the corn exchange. The principal literary, scientific, and educational institutions arc, the mechanics' institute, with a good library and museum ; the Stock library, containing a valuable collection of books ; the topographical society ; the agricultural society ; the grammar school ; the diocesan school ; National schools; British, AVesleyan, Roman Catholic, infant schools; and Christ's Hospital, or blue-coat school, with a yearly revenue of 2,000. The most important charities, besides those already mentioned, are, the Sibthorp almshouses, the lying-in hospital, the female penitentiary, and the Dorcas charity. To the first of these is attached the chapel of St. Ann. Lincoln is exceedingly rich in antiquities: the most remarkable are, the Roman gate in Hermin-street, one of the moat perfect in the kingdom ; the Stone Bow, erected in the time of Richard II., in High-street; the Exchequer Gate in the Cathedral Close ; remains of John of Gaunt's palace, containing a beautiful oriel window, and of his stables ; remains of a tower called the Lucy Tower ; and the Gray Friars, now used for the purposes of a school and the mechanics' institute. Lincoln became the seat of a bishopric on the removal of the see from Dorchester. The diocese, which is divided into the archdeaconries of Lincoln, Nottingham, and Stow, includes the counties of Nottingham and Lincoln. The chapter consists of a dean, 4 canons residentiary, 3 archdeacons, 42 preben- daries, a chancellor, and 4 minor canons. The most illustrious of the prelates were, Grossetcte, Wolsey, Sanderson, Gibson, Wake, Tenison, and Tomline. Emi- nent natives of the town were, Disney, Partridge, and Reyner, divines ; Willis, the physician ; and Hilton, the painter. The manufactures are unimportant. Those employing the largest number of hands are the engine works, carriage works, tanneries, breweries, and rope- ries. The principal trade of the town is in flour; a large trade is also carried on in corn and wool. There is a new railway in course of construction between Lincoln and Honington, to be completed in 1866. Lincoln is governed by 6 aldermen and 18 councillors, one of whom is mayor. It returns two members to parliament. The assizes for the county and the quarter sessions are held here. Three newspapers, the Lincoln Chronicle, Lincoln Standard, and Lincoln Gazette are published in the town. Races are held here in the spring on West Common. The market day is Friday. There is a large meat market, and a covered market for butter, eggs, and poultry. The vegetable market adjoining the latter is on the site of the old sheep market. One of the largest horse fairs in the kingdom is held here on four days in the last week in April. Other fairs are held on Midsummer Day, Gth October, and 28th November. LINDALE, a chplry. and post-office vil. in the par. of Cartmel, co. Lancaster, 3 miles from TJlverstone, and 4 N.E. of Cartmel. It is a station on the Furness, Ulver- stone, and Lancaster railway. It is situated on the river Kent. The living is a perpet. cur.* in the dioc. of Carlisle, val. 80. The church has been rebuilt, and contains 115 free sittings. There is a National school for boys. LINDEAN, an ancient par. in the co. of Roxburgh, Scotland, now united to Galashiels [which see]. It is a station on the Selkirk branch of the North British railway. LINDETH, or LINDRETH, a hmlt. in the par. of Warton, hund. of Lonsdale South of the Sands, co. Lancaster, 8 miles N. of Lancaster, and 5 W. of Burton- in-Kendal. LINDFIELD, a par. and post town in the hund. of Burleigh Arches, rape of Pevensey, co. Sussex, 1J mile N.E. of Hayward's Heath railway station, and 3 miles E. of Cuckfield. It is situated on the banks of the river Ousc, and from its elevated position commands a view of the river, which is navigable for barges to Ry ebridge. The village, which is considerable, consists of our wide street containing many well-built houses. It is lighted with gas, and has an excellent supply of water. There ! are brick and tile kilns, also a pianoforte manufactory, employing a large number of persons. About 1 mile E. of the village is the newly formed cemetery, and at the S. end is Camomile Common, so called from its abound- ing in that plant. The new County Lunatic Asylum is situated in this parish. About two-fifths of the parish are tithe free ; the impropriator receives about 500 per annum. The living is a perpet. cur. in the dioc. of Chichester. The church, dedicated to St. John the Baptist, is an ancient structure, with a tower crowned by a spire. It is situated on a commanding spot at the N. entrance to the village. In the interior of the church are a carved stone font, and monuments ID the Crawford, Board, Brett, and Covert families. The register dates from 1559. The Independents have a place of worship. There are Church and British schools