Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 2.djvu/599

Rh LICHFIELD. 591 LICKBLA. of the city, and petty sessions far tho county and city ore held at Lichfield. The district registry for proving wills is also in this city. The excise district includes Lichfield, Walsall, Tamworth, Coleshill, Sutton, and Birmingham. The King's Own Staffordshire militia have their headquarters here, the barracks being in the Birmingham road. Lichfield gives the title of earl to Viscount Anson, of Shugborough. The diocese of Lich- field extends over Stafford, Derby, and parts of Shrop- shire and Warwickshire, forming three archdeaconries, with the names of the first three of the above counties. They contain 24 deaneries and 491 livings. Tho chapter includes, besides the archdeacons, a dean, 4 canons, 19 prebendaries, a chancellor, and 5 minor canons. The seat of the bishop is at Eccleshall Castle, and his income is 4,500, with the patronage of about 116 livings. The livings in the city are : St. Mary's, a vie.,* val. 458, in the patron, of the dean and chapter. Tho church stands in tho market-place. It was rebuilt in 1721, and contains an altar-piece and monuments of tho Dyott family. St. Chad's, a cur., val. 250, in the patron, of the vicar. The church is at Stow, and the oldest in the neighbourhood. St. Chad's hermitage and well are close to the church, which formerly contained his shrine. Christ Church, a cur.,* val. 250, in the patron, of the bishop, is at Lemonsley. The church, which is built in tho decorated style, with a square tower, was consecrated in 1847. There is a Sunday-school attached to it. St. Michael's, a cur., val. 368, in the patron, of tho vicar, was built in tho reign of Henry VIII., but partly rebuilt in 1844. I>r. Johnson's father is buried here. The churchyard attached to this church is the chief cemetery of the town. There is also a chapel dedicated to St. Jnhn, in St. John-street, near the hospital. Tho cathe- dral, which is dedicated to St. Chad, was founded about 665 by King Oswy, and rebuilt about 700 by Bishop Ilcdda, who removed thither the bones of the patron saint from Stow. It was completed by Bishop Langton in 1296, and the damages inflicted during the Ci%*il Wars in the l"th century were repaired by Bishop Backet. The whole of the cathedral was again restored by Wyatt in 1788. The style is chiefly early English, but there are traces of Norman work. It is built in the form of a cross, standing 2 points out of the line of E. and V., and has one spire in tho centre 258 feet in height, and two at the W. end of 183 feet. The size of tho building is 411 feet by 67, and 60 in height. There it a statue on tho roof representing Charles II., which supplanted an older image of some Biblical personage. The W. portico contains some particularly fine carving, among which are figures of Christ, supported by two angels, of Moses and Aaron, &c. Over it is a large circular window given by James II. ; but the stained- glass that now adorns it was inserted by Dean Adden- Drooke in 1776. Tho N. and S. porches are also orna- mented with figures, and tho S. front possesses a stained-glass window. The choir is in the decorated English style, and consists of 24 stalls. It contains monuments to Bishop Hacket, to one of the Stanley family, and others. The screen was erected by Bishop ton. Tho Lady Chapel, built by the same bishop, tremely beautiful. Each side contains three win- dows, and the stained-glass of two of those on tho E. was brought by Sir Brooke Boothby from the abbey of kenrode, in the diocese of Liege. The central window represents tho Resurrection, and was designed -ir J. Reynolds. To the N. of this chapel is a much i one, where two Mercian kings are buried. Tho ti-r-house is octagonal, and in the room over it lliywood's valuable library is preserved, where n a Saxon copy of tho Gospels, a Koran i at the siege of Buda, an illuminated Chaucer, e Nicholas's " Valor," and other rare and curious mes. The sacristy contains an old fresco, and seve- ling monuments. Among the tombs in the body of the cathedral are those of Addison's father, Dr., L;idy Mary Wortley Montague, Garrick, Miss Seward, one by Chantrey to tho two children of a K'lljinson, a monument to those of the 50th, or Staffordshire regiment, who fell at Moodkee, the tomb of the lato Earl of Lichfield, &c. The whole building has undergone a restoration by Mr. Gilbert Scott and Mr. S. Smirke. Service is performed daily at 10 A.M. and 4 P.M., and on Sundays at 10J A.M. and 4J P.M. Tho bishop's palace is situated at the N.E. corner of the Close, and was built in 1687, on the site of a more ancient mansion ; but the bishops now habitually reside in Eccleshall Castle, letting the palace. The deanery is to the W. of this building, and a part of it is as old as the 15th century. The Komau Catholics have a chapel situated at tho S.W. of the city, called Holy Cross ; and there are also places of worship belonging to the Inde- pendents in Wade-street, to the Wesleyans, and the two bodies of Methodists. The Lichfield grammar school, in St. John-street, was founded in the reign of Ed- ward VI., and was rebuilt in 1692 and in 1850. Its income is about 106, and it educates 30 pupils. Among the celebrated men who have been brought up here may be mentioned Dr. Johnson, Bishops Newton and Small- ridge, Addison, Ashmole, Garrick, Chief Barons Lloyd and Parker, and Chief Justice Wilmot. Minor's school, in Bore-street, was founded in 1677 for teaching 36 boys English reading and tho catechism. The endowment is 135. Ball's school is another free school with an income of 20. The Lichfield diocesan training-school is near tho cathedral. There are also National schools for boys and girls, and industrial and infant schools. St. John's hospital, in St. John's-street, provides rooms and allow- ances of money, &c., .for 13 old men. It was insti- tuted in the time of Henry III., and its present income is ubout 350. Tho buUding is remarkable for the curious arrangement of its chimneys. Dr. Millcy's hospital, in Beacon-street, was founded in 1504, and supports 15 aged women. Andrew Newton's almshouses for the widows and unmarried daughters of tho clergy, stands in the Close. It was founded in 1798 and supplies to 20 persons a residence with a garden, and an allow- ance of 50 a year. Lunn's almshouses are compara- tively unimportant, tho income of the charity being only 11. The lunatic asylum is at Sandfield, about 1 mile S. of tho town. The dispensary and mendicity- office is in Tamworth-street. There is also a union poorhouse, a savings-bank, and three friendly societies, which dispense charity. The museum and free library, near tho Minster Pool, was founded by John Philip Dyott, mayor. Tho museum contains antiquities, objects of art, &c., which, with the newsroom and library of 2,000 volumes, is free to all. There is a theatre in Bore-street. llaces are held in September, on Whitling- ton Heath, the chief event being tho Queen's Plato of 100 guineas. The principal seats in the neighbourhood are Elmhurst Lodge, J. Smith, Esq. ; Maple Hayes, J. Atkinson, Esq. ; Pipe Grange, Wolfestan, Esq. ; Freeford, General Dyott ; Swinfen, S. Swinfen, Esq. ; and Stow Hall. The most celebrated natives of Lichfield have been mentioned in connection with tho grammar school. Others were "William de Lichfield, a learned monk, Butt and Buckeridgc, divines, Major Andre, and Dilke, the dramatist. Dr. Darwin, author of the " Bo- tanic Garden," &c., practised here for many years as a physician. Watling and Icknield Streets both pass the city. It has two railway stations those of tho South Staffordshire, and of the Trent Valley branch of tho London and North- Western. Tho Wyrley and Essing- ton canal passes also near Lichfield. The only news- paper published in the town is tho Lichfield Mercury. Friday is market day. Fairs are held on the first Wednesday in January, on Ash- Wednesday till the Friday following, on Old May Day, the first Mondays in July and November, and a fair culled the Bower on Whit-Monday at Greenhill. LICKBLA, a par. in the bar. of Fore, co. Westmeath, prov. of Leinster, Ireland, 3 miles N. of Castle Pollard, its post town. The par. is 4 miles long and 3 broad at the widest. The surface lies along tho right bank of the river Inny, near Lough Sheelin. The road from Castle Pollard to Finma, and tho rivulet Gloro, traverse the parish. The living is a vie. in the dice, of Meath, val.