Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 2.djvu/529

Rh LAJiBEKIIUUST. 521 LAMBETH. from Lisburn to Belfast. Tho living is a pcrpet. in the dioc. of Connor, vol. 138, in the patron, the bishop. The church was rebuilt and enlarged in 24. There are a 1'resbyterian meeting-house, and uny schools. L-imbeg IIouso is the chief seat. A l'i::iicisr:m friary was founded here in the loth century by MacDonnell. Its site is now occupied by the church. Tho village is about 1 mile from Lisburn. A considerable linen trade is carried on. I LAMBERHURST, a par. and post town partly in the hund. of Loxfield and Felhani, rape of Pevenaej", co. Sussex, and partly in the hund. of Brenchley, lathe cl Aylesford, co. Kent, 7 miles S.E. of Tunbridge Wells, 4 E. of the Front railway station, and 15 S. W. of Maid- . Tho village, which is considerable, is situated on the road from London to Hastings. There are brick- kilns and a brewery. The place was formerly noted for its iron smelting furnaces, at which the balustrades for the cathedral of St. Paul's were manufactured. A great portion of the land is in hops, and part in wood- iand. The surface is hilly, and the lowlands are watered by a rapid stream. The living is a vie.* in the dioc. of Canterbury, val. 401, in the patron, of the Dean and Chapter of Rochester. The church, dedicated to St. Mary, is an ancient structure, with a square embattled tower, surmounted by a low spire. Adjoining the S. aisle is the mortuary chapel of the Scoluey family. There is a National school for both sexes. The Wesleyans and Baptists have places of worship. Bayhaui Abbey, Scotney Castle, and Lamberhurst Court Lodge arc the principal residences. At Scotney Castle is a mineral pring similar to those of Tunbridge Wella. LAMBETH, a par. and metropolitan borough in the E. div. of the hund. of Brixton, co. Surrey, 1 $ mile S.W. of St. Paul's. The London and South- AVestcrn railway Ins its terminus at Waterloo Road, in connection with ihf branch line between London Bridge and Charing , and likewise a station and goods depot at Nino Elms, near Vauxhall Bridge, not far from which is a i boat pier, and another near Lambeth Palace. It is connected with the opposite shore by Waterloo, West- minster, Lambeth, and YauxhaH bridges, and by the new Hungerford railway and foot bridge, on the site of the old suspension bridge, which connects the branch HiH' above referred to with the Charing Cross terminus. , In S.ixon documents it is called Lambkythe, or Lambeliith, and is said in history to have been the place where Har- dicamito died, and where Harold was crowned. It is UK mi'iiicd in Domesday Book as Lanchei, at which time it belonged to the Earl of Mortaigne and the Princess Uodu, who presented it to the see of Rochester. The bishops of this see built a palace here called " La Place," and subsequently exchanged the manor for other lands with Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury. This . Slaving obtained from Pope Urban IV. the grant irth part of the offerings at Thomas-a-Becket's thrinc, commenced the venerable pile of Lambeth Palace, which has been at various times enlarged and improved by his successors. The main feature of this building is the arched gateway, flanked by two square embattled t brick, and leading into tho outer court. Tho IM-. ;ct li;ill,93 feet by38, rebuilt by Archbishop Juxon after 1 1 War, is no w converted into the library, which . upwards of 25,000 volumes of M.S.S. and rare hielly collected by Archbishops Bancroft and Seckf r. Beyond the library is the chapel, which is by j l.ir the most ancient part of the building, dating from Idle of tho 13th century. It is a remarkably fine u of early English architecture, with its triple ,;:]i. 'il windows and E. window of five lights. I "t tlic chapel is Hat, and divided into compart- mbellished with tho arms of Archbishop Laud, his ti ial was called to answer for having repaired .iuilow-, I'lnblaxniii'd with subjects from and New Testament. These specimens of early royed by tin parliamentary commissioners, '>y Archbishop Ilowley. Underneath the i. a crypt with a groined root'. To the W. of th<> 1 in Archbishop Chicheley's Lollard's Tower, a lofty square embattled structure of stone (dating from 1434-45), with the post-room and prison, J3 feet by 12. The guard- room has been taken down and rebuilt for a banquet-hall ; but tho original oak roof has been carefully preserved. Adjoining it is Cardinal Pole's long gallery, 90 feet by 16, I with portraits of Luther, Archbishops Arundell, Chiche- i ley, Cranmer, Parker, &c., down to the last primate, also Bishops Patrick, Burnet, Hoadley, Berkeley, &c. From the first court a gateway on tho right leads into the area in which are Archbishop Howley's additional buildings, erected at a cost of .55,000, and comprising the stale apartments, dwelling rooms, and various offices requi- site for the household establishment. In front of these arc the garden and park of 13 acres, containing Cardinal Pole's fig-trees, &c., and intersected by a carriage road to the palace. Previous to the Reformation, several metropolitan councils were held within its walls, and in 1282 Archbishop Peckham convoked a synod here, at which all the bishops of the realm assisted, to consider the complaints preferred at Rome by tho Bishop of Hereford against the government of the Church in Eng- land. In 1381 the insurgents under Wat Tyler, having murdered Archbishop Sudbury, entered the palace, burnt the books and furniture, and destroyed tho registers and public papers. During the following century several of the sovereigns were entertained here by the archbishops, and Queen Mary entirely refurnished the palace for the reception of Cardinal Pole, whom she occasionally visited during his primacy. Queen Elizabeth was also a fre- quent guest of Archbishops Parker and Whitgift, and revived the uso of the Lollard's Tower for ecclesiastical offenders. To it she committed the Roman Catholic Bishops Tunstall and Thirlby, Lord Henry Howard, brother of the Duke of Norfolk, the Earl of Southamp- ton, the Earl of Essex, previous to his being sent to the Tower, and various other persons. In the reign of Charles I. the palace was assaulted by the mob at night, but was defended by Archbishop Laud, whose unpopu- larity had provoked the attack. After his impeachment the parliament issued an ordinance for removing tho arcliiepiscopal arms from Lambeth Palace, and converted it into a prison for " malignants," including the Earls of Chesterfield and Derby, Sir Thomas Armstrong, Sir George Bunkley, and others. It was subsequently sold to Thomas Scott, and Matthew Hardy, tho regicide ; but on tho Restoration reverted to its rightful owners, and again became tho residence of the archbishops. The village, originally detached, greatly improved upon the building of the palace, and became a market town. It is now united, in fact, with Southwark, and forms a portion of the metropolis, including the suburban dis- tricts of Kennington, where was once a royal palace, Stockwell, South Lambeth, and Vauxhall. Under tho Reform Act it constitutes a new borough returning two members to parliament. The boundaries of the borough include, besides tho par. of Lambeth, tho pars, of Cam- berwell and Newington, together comprising 5,708 acres, and 45,252 houses, inhabited in 1861 by 298,032 persons. The returning officer is annually appointed by the sheriff for tho county. This parish, extending for a consider- able distance along the bank of the river, is admirably situated for the carrying on of extensive works of every kind. There are lime, coal, and timber wharves, iron and other foundries, sawmills, extensive establishments for making steam-engines (including the celebrated firm of Maudesley and Co.), and almost every other kind of machinery, manufactories for axletrees, carriages, patent buoys, corks, boats, brushes, baskets, chairs, combs, glass, potteries, artificial stone works, patent shot fac- tory, with towers 140 feet high ; also ale and beer breweries, distilleries, chemical and vitriol works, and Beaufoy's extensive vinegar works, at South Lambeth, on the site of the once celebrated Cupar's Gardens; besides which arc various other trades, employing the greater part of tho inhabitants of Lambeth proper. The suburban districts of Kennington, Stockwell, and Vaux- hall contain several good houses, and numerous pretty villas surrounded by gardens, and occupied by genteel families. The principal public buildings in Lambeth