Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 2.djvu/499

Rh KIRKBY-ON-THE-HILL. 491 KIRKBY THORE. KIRKBY-ON-THE-HILL. Set KIBKBY RAVENS- WOETH, co. York. KIRKBY-OVERBLOW, a par. in the upper div. of the wap. of Claro, West Riding co. York, 4 miles S. of Harrowgate, and 6 N.W. of Wetherby, its post town. The village, which is considerable, is situated on an eminence near the river Wharfe. The par. contains the in. of Kearby-with-Netherby, Kirkby-Overblow, Kii^ton, Sicklinghall, and the chplry. of Stainburn. The surface is elevated, and the lands in high cultiva- tion. About two-thirds of the land is meadow and pasture, and the remainder arable. From the higher ground a view is obtained of the valley of Wharfdale. The living is a rect.* in the dioc. of Ripon, val. 944. The church, dedicated to All Saints, was made collegiate in the early part of the 14th century. It is a spacious and venerable stone structure, with a square tower con- taining a clock and three bells. There is a chapel-of- ease at Stainburn. The charities produce about 28 per annum, of which 12 goes to the supportof a free school. The Wesleyans have a place of worship. H. J. Scott, Esq., is lord of the manor. The Earl of Harewood is chief landowner. KIRKBY RAVENSWORTH, or KIRBY-ON- THE-HILL, a par. in the wap. of West Gilling, North Riding co. York, 5 miles N.W. of Richmond, its post town. The par. contains the tnshps. of Kirkby Hill, Wnshton, Gayles, Dalton, Newsham, and New Forest. Here are extensive remains of a castle built by Bodin, ancestor of the Filz-Hughs. The village is considerable, but the inhabitants are chiefly engaged in agriculture. The living ia a perpet. cur.* in the dioc. of Ripon, val. 120, in the patron, of the Bishop of Chester as appro- priator of the rectory. The church, dedicated to SS. Peter and Felix, stands on a considerable elevation, and forms a landmark for mariners. It is an ancient edifice, erected in the latter part of the 14th century, and has a tower containing a clock and two bells. The parochial charities produce 1,243, the endowment of Dakyn's hospital and free grammar school. The hospital was founded in 1556 by John Dakyn, D.D., and provides for 24 aged persons, who were either born in the parish, or have been resident there at least ten years. Christopher Cradock, Esq., is lord of the manor. KIRKBY, SOUTH, a par. in the upper div. of the wap. of Osgoldcross, West Riding co. York, 8 miles S. of Pontefract, its post town, 9 N.E. of Barnsley, and 6 N.l'-l. of the Cud worth railway station, on the Midland Counties line. It contains the hmlts. and tnshps. of Skelbrooke, Robin Hood's Well, Stubbs, and North and South Elmshall. The inhabitants are chiefly employed in the stone quarries, and in agriculture. Malting is carried on. The soil is clay alternating with sand and marl, and subsoil limestone. About two-thirds of the land is arable, the remainder pasture and woodland. The tithes were commuted for land and a corn-rent under an Act of Enclosure in 1807. The living is a vie.* in the dioc. of York, val. 244. The church, Dedicated to All Saints, is an ancient stone structure with a tower containing six bells. The parochial charities produce about 45 per annum. The Wesleyans have a chupel with a Sunday-school attached. There is a day school for both sexes. The Rev. John Allott is lord of the manor. The chief scats are the Grove and Hague KIKKBY STEPHEN, a par. and market town in ward, co. Westmoreland, 4 miles S.W. of Brough, 1 1) S.E. of Appleby, and 24 N.E. of Kendal. Penrith is <wn. It is situated on the river Eden, and ia a station on the South Durham line, from Redcar Here also is the junction of the Kden f branch of the Stockton and Darlington rail- The parish, which is very extensive, comprising ut 32,000 acres, is a region of hills, thwaites, and 1 by some gurgling beck or rivulet, which frequently overflows its banks, rendering the soil mi ly i'-i-tile, while the higher grounds aflbrd good . Tart of the British Alps, comprising Wild F' 11 and tho fulls of Natebyand Hartley, with the waste of Staimnore, are in this parish. It is bounded on the S. and E. by tho great Pennine range, which divides it from Yorkshire, and on the W. by the pars, of Crosby Garrett and Ravenstonedale. It includes the tnshps. of Hartley, Kaber, Castlethwaite, Maller- stang, Outhgill, Nateby, Smardale, Soulby, Waitby, Wharton, and Winton. The town, which consists prin- cipally of one street, stands on an eminence formed of calcareous magnesiau conglomerate, surrounded by lofty mountains. It contains the market-house, a branch of tho Kendal bank, savings-bank, temperance hall, literary institute, union poorhouse for the East Ward union, Odd Fellows' hall, built in 1855, inland revenue office, stamp office, police station, and public weighing machine in tho market-place. It is a polling place for the county. Petty sessions are held monthly, and the board of guardians meet weekly. The principal manufactures of the town are woollen and silk, which employ a great many of the inhabitants ; others are employed in the coal and copper mines, and in the knitting of stockings. The trade of the town, since the opening of tho above railway, in 1861, has very much increased. There is an abundance of limestone. The land is moory, and large quantities of grouse appear in the autumn, affording plenty of sport for the neighbouring gentry. Tho living is a vie.* in the dioc. of Carlisle, val. 356. There are also two district churches at Mallerstang and Soulby, the livings of which are perpet. curs., val. respectively 64 to 78. The parish church, dedicated to St. Stephen, is an ancient edifice, partly Saxon, with a lofty square tower containing four bells. Attached to it are three chantries belonging to Smardale Hall, Wharton Hall, and Hartley Castle repectively, which have recently been rebuilt, together with the chancel, but the body of the church is still in a very dilapidated condition. It contains tombs and effigies of the Musgraves, Whartons, Dalstons, and others. The church was given at the Conquest to Ivo-de-Talboise, and was afterwards given by him to Mary's Abbey, York. After tho Dissolution it was sold by Edward VI. to the Musgraves of Hartley Castle. The tithes have been commuted for a rent- charge of 364 9*. lid. Tho charities produce 222 per annum, besides which there is Lord Wharton's free grammar school, founded in the reign of Queen Eliza- beth. It has an endowment of 45 per annum, and three small exhibitions at either Cambridge or Oxford. There are chapels for Independents and Wesleyans. Tho parish comprises three manors, for each of which manorial courts are held by Sir Richard Tufton, Bart., Sir George Musgrave, Bart., and tho Earl of Lonsdale, who are the lords. Burn, the author of "Justice of Peace," was a native of this place. Market day is Monday. Fairs are held on the first Monday in Lent, Monday before the 20th April, 25th April, and 2nd October, for cattle, horses, woollens, &c., 29th Sep- tember for horses, and the first Monday in June and July for the hire of servants. KIRKBY THORE, or THTJRE, a par. in East ward, co. Westmoreland, 5 miles N.W. of Appleby, and 9 from Penrith, its post town. It is a station on the Eden Valley branch of the Stockton and Darlington railway. It is situated at the confluence of the rivers Eden and Troutbeck, and contains the tnshps. of Milbourne and Temple Sowerby. It occupies the site of the Roman station Brovmacac, on the old road called Maiden Way, and is supposed to derive its adjunct designation from a temple to Thor, the chief of the Saxon idols. The manor was formerly held by the Whelps of Whelp Castle, which was built out of the ruins of tho old Roman station. It afterwards passed into tho hands of tho Whartons. Many Roman relics have been found here, including a bath, altars, urns, and vaults ; traces of buildings have also been discovered, and near it is Burwens Hill, an outcamp on the way which struck over Cross Fell to Bewcastle. Tho surface is fertile and highly cultivated, above two-thirds of the land being arable, and tho re- mainder pasture. The soil near the river is a sandy loam, and in the higher lands gravel, alternated with clay. The parish is divided into three townships, Kirkby There,