Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 2.djvu/490

Rh KINNURE. 482 KINKOSS. Perth, with which it is connected by a bridge over the Tay. It consists of one street, containing several well-built houses. It is well paved and lighted with gas, and comes under the superintendence of the Perth police. There are breweries and two large nurseries, the one known as Dickson's having been established nearly 100 years. The roads from Dundee, Blair- Gowrie, and Cupar- Angus, converge at Bridgend, owing to its proximity to the bridge. The par. is in the presb. of Perth and synod of Perth and Stirling. The minister's stipend is 270. The parish church, situated at Bridgend, is a modern and commodious structure. It was erected on the site of St. Constantine, which Sir Robert Erskine gave to the monks of Cambuskenneth. The "United Pres- byterians have a place of worship at Balbeggie. There are several schools. The Perth Lunatic Asylum is situated in this parish. Inchyra and Murray's Hall are the chief mansions. The ruins of Kinnoul Castle, which formerly stood near the parish church, have entirely disappeared. Balsayock Castle, of which there are still some ruins, was the ancient seat of the Blairs. In this parish is Kinnoul Hill, from the top of which is a view over nine or ten counties, with Kilfauns Castle lying below. The hill is 632 feet high, and has a hollow called the Windy Gowle, with a remarkable echo, and a cave known as the Dragon-hole, said to have been a hiding- place of Sir William Wallace. On its slopes agates and some rare plants are found. Kinnoul gives the title of earl to the Hay family. The fairs have been dis- continued. KINNURE. See KINURE, co. Cork. KINNY, a lough near Lough Swilly, co. Donegal, Ireland. KINORE, an ancient par. in the co. Aberdeen, Scot- land, now joined to Huntly. KINOULTON, a par. in the S. div. of the wap. of Bingham, co. Nottingham, 8 miles S.W. of Bingham, its post town, and 10 S.E. of Nottingham. It is situated on the Grantham canal and the Fosse Way, and contains the hmlts. of Newbold and Lodge-on-the- Wolds. Lime is burnt for manure. The land is chiefly arable, but there are some fine tracts of rich grazing land. There is a chalybeate spring on the hill. The archbishops of York formerly had a palace here. The living is a vie. in the dioc. of Lincoln, val. 100, in the patron, of the Bishop of Chester. The church, dedicated to St. Luke, is a red brick structure with a square tower containing five bells. The church was built by the Earl of Gains- borough in 1793. There is a village school. KINRARA, a demesne of the Duke of Richmond, in the co. Inverness, Scotland, 12 miles E. of Pitman. It is situated on the river Spey. KINROSS, one of the smallest cos. of Scotland, is bounded on the N. by the co. Perth, on the W. by Clackmannan, and on the S. and E. by the co. Fife. The general figure of the county is somewhat circular, although the line of boundary is very irregular. It extends from E. to W. about 13 miles, and from N. to S. 12 miles ; its area is 77 square miles, or 49,531 acres. It may be described as an open vale or plain, environed by uplands and hills, the Ochill hills being on its N., the Lomond hills on its E., the Benarty Hill on its S.E., the Cleish on the S., and the Alva on the W. side. The principal streams are, the Garney, the South Queich, the Kelty, and the Orr, the two first discharging them- selves into Loch Leven, which lies at the E. end of a wide vale, and nearly in the centre of the county ; the small ri ver Leven issues from it, and pursues an easterly course through the county of Fife. Besides Loch Leven, there are a few minor lakes or, as they are popularly termed, tarns on the eminences above Cleish. The climate is healthy, and although wot and cold, it has been of late years much improved by extensive drainage. Coal is found on the Fife border, but is not wrought within the county. Sandstone is worked at Cleish, and limestone is procured in large quantities from the Lomond hills. In some places veins of lead ore are met with. The original condition of the county was of a moory or mosey nature, and a good deal of it remains so to this day, but the greater portion is now drained, and forms good arable land, resting upon gravel, intermixed with clayey loam. This district has the remarkable pecu- liarity in its proprietary of being much divided into farms, each owned in feu by its tenant ; there are in consequence more resident lairds in proportion to its extent than in any other division of Scotland. The farms were feued about the beginning of the 18th century from the house of Kinross to the tenants then in posses- sion, whose descendants inherit the properties, paying for them an exceedingly trifling duty or quit-rent. The farms are generally let on leases of from 14 to 21 years, and vary in size from 50 to 300 acres. The inhabitants are chiefly employed in agricultural pursuits, manu- factures being little attended to except in the towns of Kinross and Milnthort, which carry on a considerable trade. The county has the advantage of good roads, the chief one running through the town of Kinross and connecting Edinburgh and Perth. It is intersected by the Edinburgh, Perth, and Dundee line of railway. It contains only two towns, Kinross and Milnthort, the former being the county town. It unites with tho county of Clackmannan in sending one member to par- liament, and was united with that county in 1807 into one sheriftdom. The population of the county in 1851 was 8,924, and in 1861, 7,977, showing a decrease in the decennial period of 947. The sheriff's court is held at Kinross weekly on Tuesday, and the sheriff's small-debt court every Tuesday during session. Quarter sessions are held on the first Tuesdays of March, May, and August, and on the last Tuesday of October. The comity comprises only four parishes, and three parts of parishes ; of these, three entire parishes are in the presb. of Dunfermline, and the other in the presb. of Kirk- caldy, but all in the synod of Fife ; of the parts of parishes, one is in the presb. of Auchterarder, and the two other parts in the presb. of Perth, but all in the synod of Perth and Stirling. There are churches in the county belonging to the Established, United Presby- terian, and Free Church bodies. The county was severed from the county of Fife in 1426, when it simply con- sisted of the parishes of Kinross, Portmoak, and Orwell, but received a further addition in 1685 of the parishes of Cleish and Tulliebole, and likewise parts of three parishes of the county of Perth. At Cleish there was a Roman station, and traces of ancient camps are still visible. At Burleigh is an ancient castle, and in Loch Leven aro St. Serf's Priory, Portmoak, a Culdee house, and the castlo belonging to the Douglas family, where Mary Queen of Scots was confined. The most important scats are, Blairadam, Tulliebole, Greenfield, Hottonburn, Arnott, Kinross, and Cleish. KINROSS, a par. and market town in co. Kinross, Scotland, 27 miles N. of Edinburgh and 17 S. of Perth. It is situated on tho W. side of Loch Leven, which separates it from Portmoak. It is bounded by the i of Cleish, Orwell, Portmoak, and Fossoway. Its size is 4 miles by 3J, and its area is about 5,600 acres, the greater proportion of which is arable land. The par. ii in the presb. of Dunfermline and synod of Fife. The minister's stipend is 200. The parish church, built in 1832, is a Gothic structure. Ther.e is a Free church, also two United Presbyterian churches. There are several schools in tho neighbourhood for both sexei. Here formerly stood a castle of great strength, wliii li was long the residence of the earls of Morton. It removed about a century ago, and its site is now occu- pied by Kinross House, a structure designed and built by Sir William Bruce, the architect. The parish if drained by tho Garney and the North and South Queich, which flow into Loch Leven. This M of water is 10 miles in circumference, and has a trout fishery which lets for nearly 200 per annum. In the loch are four islands. [See LOCH LEVEX.] The town of Kinross is of considerable antiquity and is the capital of the county. It occupies a site at one end of the open vale to which it gives name, a little to tho N.W. of Loch Leven. It is a railway station on the Edinburgh, Frith, and Dundee line. Its streets, which