Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 2.djvu/22

Rh FAULD. 14 FAWDON. purposed that hereabouts was the scene of the defeat of the Scotch under Edward Bruce, who was left dead upon the field, in 1318. At Dungooley, an ancient seat of the O'Nials, a nunnery waa founded by St. Monenna in 638, also a monastery by St. Bridget, -who is alleged to have been born in this parish. Remains of the ancient church of Umey are seen here. Limestone is abundant. FAULD, a tnshp. in the par. of Hanbury, N. div. of the hund. of Offlow, co. Stafford, 1 J mile W. of Tutbury. The river Dove flows through the township. There are a few farmhouses. FAULDHOUSE, a vil. in the par. of Whitburn, co. Linlithgow, Scotland, 3 miles S. of Whitburn. FAULKBOURN, a par. in the hnnd. of Witham, co. Essex, 3 miles N.W. of Witham, its post town, and nearest railway station on the Great Eastern line, and 7 miles S E. of Braintree. This was formerly a seat of Hamo Dapifer, and afterwards of the Fortescue family. The living is a rect.* in the dioc. of Rochester, val. 267. The church is a neat structure in the Norman style ot architecture, with ancient stained-glass windows. It is dedicated to St. Germain, and has two brasses of the 16th century, and some fine monuments in marble. The register commences in 1599. The parochial charities produce nearly 10 per annum. Here is a cedar, said to be the largest in England, measuring upwards of 18 feet in circumference. A Roman villa is believed to have once occupied this spot, from the remains of an ancient wall constructed partly of Roman bricks, under which a silver coin of the Emperor Boniitian was dis- covered. W. Bullock, Esq., is lord of the manor, whose seat is Faulkbourn Hall, a fine mansion built in the style which prevailed in the time of the Tudors, but with a gateway of much earlier date, attributed to the reign of Stephen. FAULS, a chplry. in the par. of Frees, hund. of North Bradford, co. Salop, 2J miles S.E. of Prees, and 4 N.E. of Wem. Shrewsbury is its post town. It includes the tnshps. of Darleston, Fauls, Mickley, and Sandford. Here is a district church, the living of which is a perpet. cur.* in the dioc. of Lichfield, val. 50, in the gift of the vicar of the parish. The church is a neat brick structure. FAULSTONE, a hmlt. in the par. of Bishopstone, hund. of Dournton, co. Wilts, 3 miles S.W. of Wilton. FAVERSHAM, anciently Fifreaham, a par., seaport, market town, municipal borough, and member of the Cinque Port of Dover, in the hund. and union of Faversham, lathe of Scray, co. Kent, 7 miles S.W. of Whitstable, 9 W. of Canterbury, and 47 from Lon- don by the London, Chatham, and Dover railway, on which it is a station. It is situated on a stream run- ning into the East Swale, to the left of the road from London to Dover, and is approached from the sea by a creek which is navigable up to the town for vessels of 150 tons. This creek has cost 33,000 in improve- ments, and is under the government of a board of 67 commissioners. A branch of the London and Chat- ham line now runs to the creek, which has 11 feet of water at the sluice-bridge at ordinary spring-tides. Faversham is a rapidly-improving place, having in- creased from 4,907, in 1851, to 6,376, in 1861. It was a town in the Saxon times, as we learn from a charter of Athelstan, in which it is described as "the King's little town of Fifresham," where, in 930, a wittenagemot was held by the same king. After the Conquest it continued to flourish, and Stephen founded here an abbey for Cluniac monks, in which himself, his queen (Matilda), and his son (Eustace, Count of Boulogne) were buried. The abbots were mitred, and during the reigns of Edward I. and Edward II. sat in the several parlia- ments. The abbey had the right of sanctuary, and at the Dissolution its revenue amounted to 355 15s. 2rf. Portions of the outer walls still exist. In 1 688, James II. was arrested at Faversham while attempting to escape into France. Under the Municipal Reform Act, the town is governed by a mayor, 4 aldermen, and 12 council- lors, and has now a court of quarter sessions. It consists chiefly of four streets, crossing at right angles, and having the guildhall and market-place in the centre. The streets are well paved and lighted with gas, and many of the houses of handsome elevation. The prin- cipal buildings are, the guildhall, chiefly constructed of wood, and supported by 19 octagonal oak pillars resting on stone bases, with a clock tower ; the assembly rooms, situated in Preston-street ; the theatre ; the Faversham Institute, with its large lecture-hall, library, reading and class-rooms, which were opened in June, 1862 ; and a museum of natural history and local antiquities, &c. A county court is held monthly. Here is situated the principal custom-house of the district, which includes Herne Bay, Whitstable, and Milton. The trade of the town has greatly increased since the opening of the London, Chatham, and Dover railway, with a branch to the creek. It consists chiefly in coal, timber, and the export of agricultural produce, corn, hops, fruit, &c., for the supply of the London markets. There are besides extensive powder-mills, originally erected in the reign of Elizabeth, and covering a large space of ground extending into six parishes ; also Roman and Portland cement works, situated on the creek, two extensive breweries, and tile and brick-making works. The oyster-fishery, however, is the chief source of em- ployment, occupying between 200 and 300 men, who are incorporated into a Company of free Dredgermen of the manor and hundred of Faversham. Besides the par. of Faversham, the town extends into the neighbouring pars, of Ospringe, Davington, and Preston, lying on Faversham Creek. The living of Faversham is a vie.* in the dioc. of Canterbury, val. 342, in the gift of the dean and chapter. The church -is a spacious cruciform structure, built of flint, quoined with Normandy stone. It is dedicated to St. Mary of Charity, and has at the W. end a light tower crowned with pinnacles, and sur- mounted by an octagonal spire. The exterior was com- pletely renovated in 1854. The register dates from 1620, and there is a brass of 1400. The Independents, Baptists, and Wesleyan Methodists have places of worship. The charitable benefactions are numerous, producing jointly about 3,500. The grammar school, founded in 1575, is free to the inhabitants of Faversham and the neighbour- hood, and has an endowment of about 200 per annum. It is under the government of the corporation and of tho warden and six senior fellows of All Souls' College, Ox- ford. The National schools were erected by the trustees of public charities at a cost of above 7,500. The build- ing is in the Gothic style, constructed of flints with stone dressings. Mrs. Hall's school, on the British and Foreign principle, is in Tanner-street, and receives an annuity of 50 from the trustees of public charities. There are, besides, a good commercial school, Sunday, and day schools. Roman antiquities have been found in the vicinity of the town. The market for corn is held at the townhall on Wednesday, and for fish and meat on Saturday, in the space around the pillars. Land has been recently purchased by a company for the site of a cattle market, and a company has been likewise formed for supplying the town and district with water. FAVERSHAM HUNDRED, in Kent, is one of the subdivisions of the lathe of Scray. It is situated in the N. of the county, and contains the pars, of Badlesmere, Buckland, Davington, Eastling, Faversham, Good- nestone, St. Thomas Isle of Harty, Leaveland, Ludden- ham, Newnham, Norton, Oare, Ospringe, Preston, Sheldwicks, Stalisfield, Stone, Throwlcy, and part of Otterden, and has an area of nearly 25,000 acres. FAVJNLEY, or FAIRNLEY, a tnshp. in the par. of Hartbum, N.E. div. of the ward of Tindale, co. Northumberland, 10 miles W. of Morpeth. FAWCETT FOREST, a tnshp. in the par. and ward of Kendal, co. Westmoreland, 6 miles N.E. of Kendal. This tnshp. was anciently called Fauside, and formed part of the demesne of the abbey of Byland, in Yorkshire. The district is very wild and but sparsely inhabited. FAWDINGTON, a tnshp. in the par. of Cundall, North Riding co. York, 5 miles N.E. of Boroughbridge. It is situated near the river Swale. FAWDON, a tnshp. in the par. of Gosforth, W. div.