Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 2.djvu/213

Rh HARTLEPOOL. 205 HARTLEY-DUMMEE. of Parliament for appointing improvement com- ioncrs for the pier and harbour. In 1831 tho tlepool Dock and Railway Company was formed, and an Act obtained for tho construction of a dock, to idc, with the inner harbour, 60 acres, the estimated ise being 209,000. Other improvements were itaneously being carried out, and in 1835, when the dock was opened, the languishing fishing village was suddenly transformed into a thriving and important place of trade. So sudden was the transition, that the number of ships entering the port rose from 1,278 in 1836, tho year following tho opening of the docks, to 5,960 in 1850, and the quantities of coal shipped from 166,390 to 1,000,000 tons during tho same period. Although this rapid progress has not been main- tained in the same ratio in subsequent years, yet the general state of trade continues to be satisfactory, and an important branch of industry, that of ship- building, has been successfully introduced. The powers of the Port and Harbour Commissioners were further extended in 1837, and tho limits of their jurisdiction as compared with that of tho Dock Company defined by Act of Parliament. Tho lighthouse of white sand- stone, which stands on tho Heugh, with its stationary whit" light, 84 feet above high-water mark, was erected in 1S47 at a cost of 3,200, which has subsequently been increased to 5,750, by rofacing tho cliff on which it stands with masonry, and other necessary works. The red light is only shown at night, between half-flood and half-ebb tide, as a signal when ships may enter the harbour. The last improvement has been the building of a pier or breakwater, running in a south-easterly direction from the headland to the S. of the lighthouse. This affords shelter in all weathers, and 500 vessels may now safely enter tho port, and find accommodation at one time. The town is chiefly modern, consisting of several well-built streets, besides many side streets, inhabited by sailors and colliery men. It is abundantly supplied with water, and well lighted with gas, tho works for which aro situated in West Hartlcpool. The paving of the streets and tho general sanitary arrangements have been much improved since 1851, under tho direction of the town council, who aro constituted a local board of health. The principal public building is the townhall, erected in tho middle of the last century, but now too small for the increased business of tho place. Here a county court is held every month ; and the borough magistrates sit every morning for tho transacting of ordinary business, and hold a petty session every alter- nate Tuesday. An old house, calle'd tho Friaragc, from the circumstance of its having been built on tho sito of a monastery of Franciscan, or Grey Friars, which for- merly stood here, was, until recently, used as the work- house for the llartlepool district of the Stockton Union, but has lately been fitted up at the expense of R. Bur- der, Esq., of Castle Eden, as a hospital for twenty-five inmates. There aro also a mechanics' institute, work- ing men's institute, both of which havo news-rooms and libraries, two bunks, a savings-bank, breweries, foundries, mills, brass foundry, anchor and chain works, a cement manufactory, &c. But tho main trade in con- nected with tho port and ship-building. Tho town no newspapers, the Stockton anil Hartlepool nj, and the llnrllejiool Free Press, both of which are published on Saturday. Tho government of the borough i usted to a mayor, 4 aldermen, and 12 councillors, who arc elected under a charter dated tho 5th of Dccem- i -i.30. It has a separate commission of peace, and four borough magistrates aro associated with tho mayor and e.x-muyor in the administration of justice. The arrangements aro under tho control of the watch of tho corporation. For ecclesiastical pur- Hartlepool forms part of tho parish of Hart, but '.vo churches, the livings of both which aro porpet. in the gift of the vicar. The church of St. Hilda ies an elevated sito at the S.E. end of the town, 1 jrms a conspicuous object on tho coast. It is an it filiii.-r. v.ith a massive square tower at the W.
 * ; i -d by buttresses of great strength, and orna-

mented by two tiers of pointed arches, and surmounted by an embattled parapet, with crocketed pinnacles at each corner. There were formerly several chantries belonging to this church, and in the churchyard is a marble tomb of the Bruce family, tho panels of which are charged with the Bruce's badge, a lion rampant. The register dates from 1599. The church of tho Holy Trinity was erected in 1850, on a site presented by the trustees of tho late Duke of Cleveland. It contains a carved pulpit of Caen stone. The Independents, Baptists, Wesleyan and Pri- mitive Methodists, Wesleyan Reformers, Wesleyan Asso- ciation, and United Presbyterians, have each places of worship, and there is a Roman Catholic chapel, erected in 1851, in the same style of architecture as the church of St. Hilda. The charities are considerable, including several school endowments and Smith's Charity Estate, which at present produces about 300, but will shortly bo much augmented. This fund is applied to the appren- ticing of poor children, and providing warm clothing for tho aged poor. There are two schools, one for boys, the other for girls, chiefly supported out of Smith's charity ; two boys' and one girls' school founded by tho late Ann Prissick, which havo an endowment of about 200 per annum ; also Crook's free school for boys, with an endowment of 50 per annum, besides which are Sunday-schools in connection with the several places of worship. Near the town aro two chalybeate springs ; and on the town moor, now converted into a promenade, are the remains of a breastwork, and of several batteries commanding the harbour. Saturday is market day. HARTLEY, a par. in tho hund. of Axton, lathe of Sutton-at-Hone, co. Kent, 6 miles S.E. of Dartford, and 2 S. of the Neophain railway station. Tho village is small, and wholly agricultural. Hops aro cultivated. The living is a rect. in the dioc. of Rochester, vnl. 275. The church, dedicated to All Saints, is a sm;dl structure, and was thoroughly repaired in 1802. There is a National school at Hartley Green. HARTLEY, a hmlt. in the par. of Mintcrn JIagna, co. Dorset, 2 miles N. of Cerne Abbas. HARTLEY, a tnshp. in the par. of Kirkby Stephen, East ward, co. Westmoreland, near Kirkby Stephen, and 4 miles S.W. of Brough. Tho village is situated in a valo to the E. of the river Eden, under Hartley Fell, in which are mines of lead and copper, onco abandoned, but now remuneratively worked. There aro also coal, ironstone, and hematite. Here was formerly a castle, tho seat of the Viponts, Harclas, and Musgraves. It was probably built anterior to 1308, but was entirely demolished by the late Sir Christopher Husgrave, who removed the materials to Eden Hall in Cumberland. The land on tho fells is bleak and mountainous, but in tho vale rich pasture. To the E. of the village is Ew- bank Scar and Crag, over which a stream of water fulls perpendicularly 20 yards. HARTLEY, a tnshp. in the par. of Earsdon, E. div. of Castlo ward, co. Northumberland, 2 miles from Ears- don, and 4 N. of North Shields. It is a station on tho Blyth and Tyne railway. The village is situated on tho North Sea, and has a small tidal harbour. It is inhabited principally by colliers, sailors, and fishermen. Tho Wesleyan, New Connexion, and Primitive Methodists havo each a chapel. Seaton-Sluicc is a village in Hartley township, from which it is distant half a mile. Here aro extensive bottle works, the property of a company. The Wesleyan Reformers havo a chapel here. Tho township also contains Rocky Island, and belonged to tho Heltons and Delavels. Hartley Main colliery until recently afforded employment to most of the inhabitants, and it was hero that so many lives were lost in 1863. There aro also salt and copperas works. On Bato's Island aro tho remains of a hermitage. HARTLEYBURN, a tnshp. in the par. of Halt- whistle, W. div. of Tindale ward, co. Northumberland, 2 miles from Haltwhistle, and 16 W. of Hexham. It is situated on the Hartleyburn rivulet, which joins the river Tyne. II. KTLF.Y-IiUMMER, a lib. in tho par. of Shin- ili-I'l, Imnd. of Theale, co. Berks, 4 miles S. of Reading.