Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 2.djvu/212

Rh HARTINGTON. 204 HARTLErOOL. and Earl-Stemdale. It is situated near the river Dove, and the Cromford and High Peak railway passes on the E., at the distance of about 3 miles. The village, which was formerly a market town under the Ferrers, who held the castle, is still very considerable. In the reign of Charles I., it became the property of the Villiers family. Ironstone and lead are worked, and limestone is exten- sively converted into lime. The tithes were commuted for land at the time of the enclosure of the common lands. The living is a vie. in the dioc. of Lichfield, with a glebe of 205 acres, val. 150. Tho parish church, dedicated to St. Giles, is an ancient cruciform structure. There is also a chapel-of-ease at Earl-Stemdale. The Wesleyans have a chapel, and there is a small school. Tho charities produce about 40 per annum, including the endowment to Brand Top school. At Wolf's Cote hill is a barrow. Hartington gives the title of marquis to the family of Cavendish, dukes of Devonshire, who now possess the manor. Fairs are held on the second Tuesday in September, and on the 30th October. HARTINGTON and HARTINGTON HALL, tnshps. in the par. of llartburn, N.E. diy. of Tindale ward, co. Northumberland, 2 miles N.W. of Cambo, and 8 W. of Morpeth. The soil is clay, with limestone and whin, which are quarried. There is a tile manufactory at Gallows Hill. HARTISMERE, a hund. in the co. of Suffolk. It contains the pars, of Aspall, Bacton, Braiseworth, Brome, Burgate, Cotton, Eye, Finningham, Gislingham, Mcllis, Mendlesham, Oakley, Occold, Palgrave, Redgrave, Red- lingficld, Rickinghall Superior, Rishangles, Stoke Ash, Stuston, Thorndon, Thoniham Magna, Thornham Parva, Thrandeston, Thwuite, Wcsthorpe, Wctheringsctt, Wick- ham Skeith, Wortham, Wyverstone, and Yaxloy, com- prising 55,240 acres. It gives name to a deimery in the archdeac. of Suffolk and dioc. of Norwich ; also to a Poor-law Union and superintendent registry district. HARTLAND, a hund. in co. Devon, contains the pars, of Clovelly, Hartland, Wellcombe, Wolfardis- worthy, and Yarnscombe. HARTLAND, a par. and town in the hund. of the same name, co. Devon, 14 miles S.AV. of Bideford, and 46 W.N.W. of Exeter. It is situated on Barnstaple Bay, on the Bristol Channel, near Hartland Point, a bold promontory 350 feet high, supposed to be the Hercules Promontory of the Phoenicians. The town was anciently a market town, and is governed by a portreve. The inhabitants are employed in the fisheries, and in the malt and lime trade. The soil is clayey, and the subsoil chiefly shelving rock. There is a landing quay under the cliffs, but much exposed to the waves. The living is a perpet. cur. * in the dioc. of Exeter, val. 97, in the patron, of the governors of the Charter- house, London. The church is situated on a hill about 1J mile from the town. It is a cruciform structure, dedicated to St. Nectan, with a lofty tower at the W. end, and has been recently restored. It contains several painted windows, a stone altar, rood screen, and two brasses. The old market-house, which is situated in the town, has been converted into a chapel-of-ease. The Independents, Wesleyaus, and Bible Christians have each a chapel. The parochial charities produce about 75 per annum, part of which is the revenue of Mill's almshouses. There are two schools, one of which belongs to the Independents. On the site of the old abbey, founded by Githa, Earl Godwin's -wife, is the seat of Colonel Buck. Lewis W. Buck, Esq., '3 lord of the manor, and chief landowner. Fairs are held on the second Saturday in March, on Easter Wednesday, and 25th September. HART-LAW, a hmlt. in the tnshp. of Hazon, par. of Shilbottle, co. Northumberland, 6 miles S. of Alnwick. It is situated near the river Coquet. HARTLE, a tnshp. in the par. of Bakewell, hund. of High Peak, co. Derby, 3 miles S.E. of Bakewell. It is situated near Haddon Hall. HARTLEBURY, a par. partly in the lower div. of the hund. of Oswaldslow, and partly in that of Halfshire, co. Worcester, 2 miles E. of Stourport, its post town, 4 S. of Kidderminster, and 6 N.W. of Droitwich. is a station on the Oxford, Worcester, and Wolv hampton railway. The par., which is considerable, situated near the Worcestershire and Staffordshire canal, and the river Severn. It contains the hmlt. of Upper Mitton. Here are extensive iron and tin works, which afford employment to many of the inhabitants. This place has long been the episcopal residence of the bishops of Worcester, to whom the ancient castle was given by Buhred, King of Mercia. In the civil was of Charles I., the castle was destroyed by the parlia- mentary commander, Colonel Morgan, but was rebuilt at the time of the Restoration. The present structure is a stone mansion, standing in a park at the W. end of the village. It was much improved by Bishop Hurd, who built the library. The living is a reel, in the dioc. of Worcester, val. 1,700, in the patron, of the bishop. The church, dedicated to St. James, is a modern structure, with a tower containing six bells. In the interior is the monument of Bishop Hurd, whose library is at the castle, with some of Wai-burton's and Pope's books. Tho charities produce 194 per annum, of which 127 goes to the free grammar school, which wag made a royal foundation by charter v( Queen Elizabeth, and has the right of presentation to several scholarships in Worcester College, Oxford, founded by Sir Thomas Cookes, Bart. There is also a foundation school for girls, with a small endowment. The Independents have a place of worship, recently creeled. Tho Bishop of Worcester is lord of the manor. HARTLEPOOL, a tnshp., marlcct town, municipal borough and seaport, in the par. of Hart, Stockton ward, co. Durham, 12 miles N.E. of Stockton, 21 K. of Durham, and 250 N. by W. of London. It has stations on ffi Hartlepool and Ferry Hill, and Hartlepool and Sunder- land branches of the North-Eastem railway, and is the terminus of the West Hartlepool Harbour and railway, a short line of 24 miles. It is situated on the souti- western side of a small peninsula jutting out into the sea, a few miles from the mouth of the river Tees, and is supposed to have derived its name from the pool or slake of Hart, into which flows a small beck or rivulet called by Bedo the " Harts water," and by Henry of I Huntingdon, Insula cervi, or "Hart's island." This! translated by the Normans became llm-t-lc-pol, and. hence its modern designation. The earliest mention of I this place occurs in Bedc, who relates how a nunnery I was founded at Heortlui, or the Isle of Harts, by thtl daughter of an Irish chieftain named Him, or St. Bega.l She was succeeded as abbess by St. Hilda, daughter ot'j Oswy, king of Northumberland, and a small town soonl arose under the shelter of the abbey, which was, how-J ever, frequently plundered by the Danes and Scots. I After the Normans came into possession of the country,! the town rapidly improved, and Robert Bruce, who wa- its feudal lord, obtained from King John a charter,! erecting it into a borough, with the privilege of a weekly; market and annual fair. Shortly after it was wiillea, round, and a harbour of 12 acres formed for the accom- modation of its foreign trade, which at this time mUtll have been very considerable, as the town im-inV ships and 145 mariners to the fleet of Edward IIL babel Calais. On the breaking out of the war of succession in Scotland, it was forfeited by the Bruces, and given toll the Clifford family, by whom it was long held, but was twice sacked by the Scots, the last time in 1315, a year after the battle of Bannockburn. In the civil war ol Charles I. it was garrisoned for the king, and was taken by the Scotch army under General Lcven, who i it till 1647 as a garrison and magazine, when its fortifi- cations were dismantled by order of parliament. From' this time its trade gradually declined, and the tow: depended almost entirely on its fishing, which has evei been most prolific. Besides many tons of fish sa exportation, it supplies fresh fish to Durham, Y<<un