Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 2.djvu/209

Rh = HARKOLD. 201 HARROW. itre, assembly rooms, several hotels, and horticultural ociety. During the season, which extends from the 1st ! iy to the end of October, two weekly newspapers are ished in the town, tho Harrogate Advertiser and the iyate Herald, the former on Saturday, and the latter . ii Wednesday. The living of High Harrogate is a pcrpet. cur.* in tho dioc. of Ripon, val. 250, in tho a. of tho bishop. Tho church, dedicated to Christ, a modern stono building, with a square tower contain- clock and one bell, has lately been restored and on- 1. A new church ittBilton was built and endowed by !:un Sheepshanks, Esq. The living is a perpct. cur., Tal. 200. There are chapels for Wesleyans, Wesleyan there is a free school for girls, supported by V Sheepshanks, Esq. There is also an endowed school for twenty children at Bilton, and National schools for both sexes at High and Low Harrogate. There are many places of interest in tho neighbourhood, among which may be mentioned the ruins of Knaresborough and Spofforth fastles, Eipon Cathedral, IJrimham Rocks, Plumpton Kocks, and Fountains Abbey. HARROLD, a par. and market town in tho hund. of Willey, co. Bedford, 10 miles N.W. of Bedford, and (i N'.VV, of Olney. It is situated on tho river Ouse, and on tho high road to Olncy. It is of ancient date, and derives its name from King Harold, who had a seat h'-ri!. A nunnery was founded here in 1150 by Sampson 1. l''nrtc, the refectory of which is now used as a barn. I : < revenue at tho liissolntion amounted to 47 3s. 'Id. Tho town, which is only a considerable village, is sur- rounded by a fertile agricultural district, formerly called llaretcold, or Uarewood. It is a petty sessions town, and contains a market-house, in which a good business is done in corn. The inhabitants are principally employed in lace-making. The river Ouso is here crossed by a stone bridge. Tho soil is chiefly gravel and clay, mixed with a rich loam, producing good wheat crops. The tithes were commuted for land and corn rents under an Enclosure Act in 1797. Tho living is a vie.* in the dioc. of Ely, val. 202. Tho church, dedicated to St. Peter, is an ancient structure, with tower and spire containing a clock and five bells. In tho interior is a monument to Lady Joliffe, who founded and endowed almshouscs for six poor widows. There are a few small cha- rities for the benefit of the poor. There are National free schools for both eexes, and the Independents have a place of worship. Earl do Grey is lord of the manor. Market day is Tuesday, and fairs for cattle are held on the Tuesdays before the 13th May, Gth July, and llth October. HAUROLDSTON ST. ISSELLS, a par. in the hund. of Roosc, co. Pembroke, 1 mile S.E. of Haverfordwest. It is situated on tho river Cloddy, and contains the old Beat, now in ruins, of the Harrolds and Perrots. Tho living is a perpct. cur. in the dioc. of St. David's, val. 56. The church is dedicated to St. Ishmaol. Near it is the hermitage and well of St. Caradoc. Fern Hill ia the principal residence. 11ARROLDSTON, WEST, a par. in tho hund. of Roose, co. Pembroke, 5 miles W. of Haverfordwest. It ia a small agricultural village, situated on St. Bride's The living is a perpot. cur. in tho dioc. of ivid's, val. 123, in the patron, of Pembroke College, Oxford. Tho church is dedicated to St. Madoc. 11ARROP, a limit, in the chplry. of Rainow/par. of nry, co. Chester, 4 miles N. of llacclesiield. 1 1 A RKOP, a limit, in tho tnshp. of LowBowland Forest, West Riding co. York, 10 miles N.W. of Clitheroe. HARROP EDGE, a hmlt. in the tnshp. of Allerton, ' co. York, 3 miles N.W. of Bradford. H.!;l;<)V, or II AUUOW-ON-TIIE-HILL, a par. in the hund. of Gore, co. Middlesex, 11 miles N.W. of I. It is a station on tho Watford section of the
 * mers, Independents, and Quakers. At High Harro-
 * i and North-Western railway, and is situatnl

' iddington canal. The par., which is well ntains tho hmlts. of Grccnhill, Roxcth, and Hi, within tho ecclesiastical limits, besides which Sudbtiry, Wembley, and Harrow-Weald form part of the parish for civil purposes. From its high position, being 200 feet above tho sea, it was selected by tho Romans as an important military station. By the Saxons it was called Serges and Here ways, and was purchased in 822 by Wilfred, Archbishop of Canterbury, who left it in his will to his relative Walbedus. During the reign of Edward tho Confessor it was held by Earl Lcwin at a rent of 60 per annum. Tho ancient manor house was formerly the residence of tho archbishops of Canterbury, and it was here that Thomas-a-Bocket re- sided during his banishment from court. There are no remains of the manor house traceable. Cardinal Wolsey, who was onco Rector of Harrow, resided at Pinner, and is said to have entertained Henry VIII. during his visit to Harrow. The manor was exchanged by Archbishop Cranmer with tho king for other lands, and was subsequently given to Sir Edmund Dudley, after- wards Lord North, from whose family it passed to tho Pitts and Rushouts. Tho town, which is situated on a hill, is well built and lighted with gas, and now abun- dantly supplied with water by a company formed in 1854. There are a local board of health, a savings-bank, a literary institute, and a young men's society. Sudbury Grovo and Tho Mount are places hero. Harrow has over been an object of great interest from its varied and beautiful views, extending over thirteen counties, but its chief importance is derived from tho renowned Harrow school, founded in tho reign of Queen Elizabeth by John Lyon, a yeoman of tho parish of Harrow. This institu- tion was commenced on a small scale by tho founder, who provided education for a few of tho poor children in tho parish ; but in tho fourteenth year of the reign of Queen Elizabeth ho obtained a charter for regulating tho government of the establishment, and constituting it a corporate body under tho title of " Tho keepers and governors of the school called the Free Grammar School of John Lyon, in tho village of Harrow-on-the-Hill, in tho county of Middlesex." Ho appointed six trustees, and tho Archbishop of Canterbury was constituted visitor, and invested with power to decide all questions and disputes. The course of education pursued at this school is tho same as that adopted at Eton. The founder bequeathed certain lands called tho Pineapple Estate, in Murylebono and Paddington, for tho maintenance and preservation of tho roads and highways leading to the institution. But, owing to the greatly increased value of this estate, bringing in nearly 4,000 per annum, it was considered necessary that a readjustment should take place, and that other means should bo found for repairing the highways. In 1810 proceedings were instituted in tho Court of Chancery with the object of limiting tho operation of tho school by reducing the number of non-resident children ; but tho then Master of the Rolls, Sir William Grant, ruled that the original intentions of the founder were carried out, and there the matter ended. Tho number of pupils lias since greatly increased, and now amounts to 480. Tho original building, situated near tho church, is in the Elizabethan stylo, built of red brick, with stone dressings and lofty bay windows. It was erected three years after the founder's death. The school buildings and pupils' resi- dence formerly consisted of tho master's house and chapel ; but the whole of tho school-house is now devoted to educational purposes, and tho scholars are located in the various under-masters' residences, for whom several commodious houses have been erected in tho town. Although many modern erections have been added, the original architectural character of tho school has been strictly adhered to. The schoolroom is 50 feet long by 21 wide, in the wainscoting of this room are many rude inscriptions, cut by many generations of Harrovians, which are held in great veneration, and among them may be traced the names of Peel, Byron, Jones, Sheridan, Marquis of Hastings, Lord Nonnanby, Sir William Peel, and many others who have distinguished themselves in literature, politics, and in naval and military capacities. Tho school chapel, erected in 1856, stands at the lower end of High-street, as well as tho Vaughan Library, finished in 18C4. Tho living is a vie.* in tho dioc. of