Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 2.djvu/188

Rh HAMPNETT, EAST. 180 HAMPSHIRE. Gloucester and Bristol, val. 475. The church, dedicated to St. Andrew, is an ancient stone structure with tower containing three bells. Henry Thomas Hope, Esq., is lord of the manor. HAMPNETT, EAST, a hmlt. in the par. of Boxgrove, rape of Chichester, co. Sussex, 2 miles from Chichester. HAMPNETT, WEST, a par. in the hund. of Box, rape of Chichester, co. Sussex, 1 mile N.E. of Chichester. The par. contains the hmlts. of Maudling, Westerton, and Woodcote, and partly within its limits is Goodwood, the seat of the Duke of Richmond, to whom the manor belongs. The village is situated on the road from Chi- chester to Arundel, near the Brighton and South Coast railway. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of 420. The living is a vie.* in the dioc. of Chichester, val. 40. The church, dedicated to St. Peter, is an ancient structure with a tower at the E. end. It was repaired in 1838, when sixty free sittings were added. In the chancel is a mural monument of Caen stone, to the memory of Richard and Elizabeth Sackville. There is a National school, built in 1839 by the Duke of Richmond. West Hampnett Poor-law Union comprises thirty-seven parishes and townships, and forms a superintendent registry, hut is included in the Chichester new County Court district. HAMPOLE, a tnshp. in the par. of Adwick-le-Street, N. div. of the wap. of Strafforth, West Riding co. York, 5 miles N.W. of Doncaster. It is situated on a small stream near the road from Doncaster to Wakefield. In 1170 William de Clarefai and his wife founded a Cister- cian priory here for fourteen nuns. At the Dissolution its revenues were returned at 85 6s. lid. In the village is a small chapel, erected on the site of the old priory by the late Lord Rendlesham. It was intended for a chapel- of-ease for the parish church, but for want of endowment the service of the Established Church has been discon- tinued, and the building is now let to the Wesleyans. There are day and Sunday schools with an endowment of 15 per annum. The lord of the manor and principal landowner is C. S. A. Thelluson, Esq. HAMPRESTON, a par. partly in the hund. of Cranbourne, co. Dorset, and partly in the lib. of West- over, co. Hants, 3 J miles S.E. of Wimborne, its post town. It is situated on the navigable river Stour, and between the roads leading respectively from Southampton to Exeter and Pool. The soil is gravelly, but good loam is found in the valleys, which are in a fine state of cultivation, principally arable. Previous to 1440 this parish formed part of that of Wimborne-Minster, The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of 300. There is also a rent-charge of .53 10*. 4rf., payable to certain impropriators. The living is a reet. * in the dioc. of Sarum, val. 282. The church was enlarged in the early part of the present century. There are places of worship for Independents and Roman Catholics, to the latter of which a convent is attached. There is a National school with a small endowment. HAMPSFIELD, a hmlt. in the par. of Cartmcl, hund. of Lonsdale, co. Lancaster, 2 miles N.E. of Cartmel, and 1 3 N. of Lancaster. It is situated under Hampsfield Fell, on Morecombe Bay. IIAMPHALL S'TUBBS, a tnshp. in the par. of South Kirby, N. div. of the wap. of Straffbrth, West Riding co. York, 7 miles N.E. of Barnesley, and 7J from Doncaster. It was formerly in the par. of Adwick-le-Street. The village is situated on an eminence. The land is chiefly arable, with a limestone subsoil. Stubbs Hall is the principal residence. HAMPSHIRE, or HANTS, formerly named South- amptonshire, is a maritime co. on the S. coast of England, lying between 50" 34' and 51 22' N. lat., and 0' 43 and 1 54' W. long. It includes the Isle of Wight, which is separated from the rest of the county >y a broad channel 3 miles across in some parts, and 1 mile in others. The part of the shire on the mainland is nearly a parallelogram, varying in length from N. to S. from 37 to 46 miles, and in breadth from W. to E. from 28 to 41 miles. It is bounded on the N. by Berk- shire, on the E. by Surrey and Sussex, on the W. by Wilts and Dorset, and on the S. by the English Channel, in which the Isle of Wight is situated. This last extends from E. to W. near 23 miles, and from N. to 8. 14 miles. The whole county comprises an area of 1,070,216 acres, being the eighth in size of the English counties, with a population in 1861 of 481,815, showing a large increase as compared with 1851, when the popu- lation was 405,370, and more than double since the commencement of the present century, when the popula- tion was 219,290, as returned by the census of 1801. Owing to the number of sailors and labourers employed in the docks and other public works, the proportion of the male population exceeds the female, contrary to most other counties, the former being 246,585, and the latter, 235,230. The number of inhabited houses, according to the census of 1861, was 86,428, uninhabited 3,738, and building 626. In the earliest times this part of the island is believed to have been inhabited by the Iberians, who were superseded by the Celts, who in their turn gave way before the Belga, a Teutonic colony from the opposite coast of Gaul. These, when Julius Caesar landed, he found divided into three tribes, the Segni, who occupied the coast with parts of Sussex and Surrey ; the Belgce, who inhabited the middle portion with part of Wilts ; and the Atrebatii, or Attrebates, who occupied the northern confines, with the greater part of Berk- shire. These tribes were finaDy subjugated by the Romans under Vespasian, and their country included in the Roman province of Britannia Prima. The chief cities at this time were Winchester and Silchester ; the former, called by Ptolemy Quivra, and by Antoninus Venta, was no doubt the Caer Gwent, or " White City," of the Britons, which name is still preserved in the modern Winchester, the first syllable of which is a corruption of the British Gwent, and the last of the Saxon eeastre, equivalent to the British Caer. The walls with which the Romans enclosed the town are still standing, and on the S. side, on St. Catherine's Hill, are ancient entrenchments, supposed to mark the site of the castra tcstiva. The remains at Silchester are even more perfect than those of Winchester, the walls of the old Roman town being from 16 to 20 feet in height, and enclosing an octagonal space of about 100 acres, traversed by lines indicating the direction of the ancient streets, and diverging from a central space, once the forum, where the foundations of a large building have been discovered. At a short distance to the N.E. of the walls are the ruins of an ancient amphitheatre. Although numerous coins and inscribed stones have been dug up, antiquaries are still doubtful whether this station should be identified as Vindomis, or Calleva Atrebatum, the Caer Segont of the Welsh. Other stations, as Ctauscntum, near the modern town of Southampton, Brige, at Broughton, near Stockbridge, Andareon at Andover, Portus Adiirni at Porchester, the castle of which exhibits some portions of Roman architecture, and numerous other camps and entrenchments, are met with along the lines of Roman road leading from Venta, and from Silchester in various directions. On the departure of the Romans, this county, like the rest of the island, was again governed by its native chieftains, and we hear nothing of it till the invasion of the Saxons and Jutes under Cerdic, who vanquished the Britons, and founded the kingdom of the West Saxons, when Venta, under the Saxon name of H'intanccastre, again became the seat of government, and subsequently the metropolis of all England under Egbi rt. In the 9th century the Danes fearfully ravaged the county, and several times attacked and plundered Win- chester, which, however, continued till after the Norman conquest to be the principal seat of royalty. The extension of the New Forest by William the Conqueror, and his arbitrary conduct in that transaction, h;m> given a character of cruelty and sternness to his reign ; and the misfortunes which subsequently befell several members of his family, whilst enjoying the sport of the chase in this forest, were regarded by the English as the just judgments of heaven. In the civil wars of Stephen's reign, the city of Winchester suffered much, Wolvesc v Castle being in the hands of the king's party, and