Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 2.djvu/18

Rh FARNDON, EAST. 10 FABNHAM. The Gresford station on the Great Western line is 6 miles W. of the village. It is situated on the eastern bank of the river Dee, which is navigable for boats, and includes the tnshps. of Barton, Glutton, Crewe, Farndon, and part of Churton-by-Farndon. The river is here crossed by a bridge of nine arches, affording free communication between Farndon and the borough of Holt on the opposite shore, with which this parish was incorporated for parliamentary purposes by the Reform Act. This is the Forendon of Domesday Book. The village is of considerable size, and has some good shops. Malting and brewing are carried on, and there is a large steam-mill for grinding corn. The living is a perpet. cur. in the dioc. of Chester, val. 115. The church, dedicated to St. Chad, is an ancient structure, with a fine memorial window containing likenesses of many Cheshire officers who served in the army of Charles I. The parochial charities, including a school endowment of 24, produce about 40 per annum. There is a parochial school and a good reading-room in the village. Major Barnston is lord of the manor. FABNDON, EAST, a par. in the hund. of Eothwell, co. Northampton, 2 miles S.W. of Market Harborough, its post town and railway station. The village, which is small, stands about 1J mile to the W. of the London road. The parish is hilly, and chiefly pasture land. The tithes were commuted for land and a money pay- ment under an Act of Enclosure in 1780. The living is a rect. * in the dioc. of Peterborough, yal. 400, in the patron, of St. John's College, Oxford. The church, dedicated to St. John the Baptist, has a tower containing four bells. The parochial charities produce about 31 per annum. There is an infant school. H. Hungerford, Esq., is lord of the manor. FARNDON, WEST, a hmlt. in the par of Woodford, co. Northampton, 8 miles S.W. of Daventry. FARNELL, or FERNELL, a par. in co. Forfar, Scot- land, 3 miles S.E. of Brechin, its post town. It stands be- tween the pars, of Brechin, Maryton, Craig, and Kiunell. Its length is 3 miles, its breadth 2. The surface is flat, and the soil of various qualities. The river South Esk traverses the interior ; its banks are very picturesque, and fisheries most prolific. In the S. and W. of the parish are the Monroman moors, among which rises the Pow water, a confluent of the South Esk. This par. is in the presb. of Brechin, and synod of Angus and Mearns, in the patron, of the crown. The minister has a stipend of 290. The church is a very elegant building, erected in 1806. Hero are two schools and a parish library. Kinnaird was separated from this parish and constituted a parish in 1633. Kinnaird Castle is the seat of Sir James Carnegie, Bart., the sole landowner. Farnell is said to derive its name from Fern, a " den," and nell, a "swan," inferring that swans resorted here in former times. Near the church are seen the remains of Airlies Castle, the ancient seat of the Ogilvies ; it is now used as a charitable institution. FARNEY, a bar. in the co. Monaghan, prov. of Ulster, Ireland. It is bounded by the bar. of Cremourne on the N., by cos. Armagh and Louth on the E., Louth and Meath on the S., and Cavan on the W. It has an area of 67,436_ acres, consisting principally of limestone, with soil of rich quality. It is drained eastward by the rivers South Lagan and Fane, and westward by the Annalee. The interior is interspersed with numerous lakes. It contains the pars, of Donaghmoyne, Maghera- cloone, and llagheross, and parts of Killanney and Inishkeen. FARNHAM, a par. and market town in the hund of Farnham, co. Surrey, 10 W.S.W. of Guildford, and 38 from London by road, or 40j by the South- western railway, on which it is a station. It is situated on the right bank of the river Wey, near the borders of Hampshire. The par. includes the tythgs. of Wreckle- sham, Badshot, Eunford, Eunwick, Tilford, and Cul- verlands. The town, though small, has a thriving appearance. In 1851 its population was 3,515, which in 1861 had increased to 3,926. It is a place of great antiquity, and in its immediate vicinity is a large camp, called Ctesar's Camp. In the Saxon times it was a place of considerable importance, and was given by Ethelbald, King of the West Saxons, to the see of Winchester, to which it has ever since belonged. On the N. side of the town is the Bishop's Palace, originally built, in 1129, by Henry de Blois, Bishop of Winchester, the brother of King Stephen. It was reputed a powerful fortress, and stood several sieges, but was dismantled by Henry III. It was rebuilt and again destroyed during - the Civil War by Sir William Waller, who commanded the parliamentary troops. After the Restoration, Dr. Morley, Bishop of Winchester, expended a considerable sum in erecting the present structure, which is of brick covered with stucco, and of a quadrangular form. It is surrounded by a park of 300 acres, watered by the river Loddon, a tributary of the Wey, and by the liberality of the bishop is open to the inhabitants. On the borders of the park is Waverley Abbey, an extra-parochial village, containing twelve houses ; it derives its name from the monastery of Cistercian monks, founded in 1128 by Gifford, Bishop of Winchester, the ruins of which extend in detached por- tions over an area of 3 or 4 acres. The bishop, as lord of the hundred of Farnham, holds his courts in Lawday, or Lady-house, on the N. side of the castle. The town seal of Farnham bears a castle, triple towered, supposed to represent the original structure, built by Henry de Blois. During the reign of Edward II. Farnham returned members to parliament, and subsequently had an exten- sive trade in the cloth manufacture, now extinct. There are still manufactures of sacking, sail-cloth, painted canvas, floor-cloth, and a kind of carpeting of Indian hemp, but the staple article of the trade of Farnham is hops, for which the neighbourhood is celebrated ; the largest plantations are less than 60 acres, and the average yield about 6 cwt. per acre. The great hop fair which is held at Weyhill, near Andover, begins on the 10th October and lasts for the five following days. Farnham is the seat of a Poor-law Union and of a County Court district ; the latter is held monthly at the "Bush" inn. The town consists chiefly of one street, running E. and W., near the centre of which is the market-place. It contains a market-house, savings-bank, and mechanics' institute. The streets are lighted with gas, but indif- ferently paved. In the town stands the parish church, an ancient building of the time of Henry VI., with a tower of the 12th century. It is dedicated to St. Andrew, and was built as a chapel-of-ease to Waverley Abbey ; it has been lately restored and enlarged, and is still in course of improvement. In the interior are some hand- some monuments, and the chancel contains three painted windows, recently inserted. The living is a vie.* in the dioc. of Winchester, val. with the cur. of Tilford annexed, 430, in the patron, of the Archdeacon of Surrey, who is vicar. Two new district churches have been erected at Wrecklesham and Hale, in this parish ; also two chapels- of-ease, one at Tilford, a hamlet distant 3 miles from the parish church, and another on the Bourne, 1 mile distant. The livings of both are perpet. curs., val. respectively 100 and 120, the former in the gift of the bishop, the latter in that of the Vicar of Farnham. The Indepen- dents and Baptists have each a chapel. Spacious school buildings have been recently erected at Farnham, at a cost of 2,400 ; also a commercial school in connection with the diocesan Board of Education, being a revival of the old grammar school, which had fallen into decay. William Cobbett, the-politician, was born here. Market day is Thursday, chiefly for corn and hops; a cattle market is held every alternate Thursday. Fairs are held on Holy Thursday, the 24th June, and 13th November; also an extensive hop fair at Weyhill on the 10th October. FARNHAM, a par. in the hund. of Clavering, co. Essex, 2 miles N. of Bishop's Stortford, its post town and railway station on the Great Eastern line. This place is mentioned in Domesday -Book, at which time it belonged to Geoffrey de Mandeville and Egbert Gernon. It is situated on the N.W. border of the county, adjoin- ing Hertfordshire, and includes the hmlt. of Hazel End. The living is a rect. * in the dioc. of Eochester, val. 518,