Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 2.djvu/12

Rh FALA HILL INN. FALKLAND. FALA HILL INN, a hmlt. in the par. of Henot, co. Edinburgh, Scotland, 6 miles S. of Ford. FALCARRAGH, a post vil. in the bar. of Kilmacre- nan, co. Donegal, prov. Ulster, Ireland, 7 miles S.W. of Dunfanaghy. It stands on the shores of Ballyness Bay. FALCUTT, a hmlt. in the par. of Wappenham, hund. of King's Button, co. Northampton, 3 miles S.W. of Wappenham, and 5 N.E. of Brackley. FALDINGWORTH, a par. in the hund. of Lawress, parts of Lindsey, co. Lincoln, 5 miles S.W. of Market Rasen, its post town, and 9 N.E. of Lincoln. The Wickenby station, on the Manchester and Lincolnshire line, is about 2 miles S.E. of the village. The living is a rect.* in the dioc. of Lincoln, val. 330. The church is dedicated to All Saints, and was rebuilt in the early part of the present century. The register commences in 1580. The charities consist of a school endowment of about 6 per annum. The Wesleyan Methodists and the Re- formed Wesleyans have each a chapel. The Hon. 0. H. Gust is lord of the manor. FALFIELD, a chplry. in the par. of Thornbury, lower div. of the hund. of Thornbury, co. Gloucester, 4 miles N.E. of Thornbury, ita post town, and 4 8. of Berkeley. The living is a cur. annexed to the vie. of Thornbury, in the dioc. of Gloucester and Bristol. FALKENHAM, a par. in the hund. of Colneis, co. Suffolk, 6 miles S.E. of Woodbridge, its post town, and 9 S.E. of Ipswich. It is situated on the W. bank of the river Deben, near its mouth. The village is small. The living is a vie.* in the dioc. of Norwich, val. 291, in the patron, of the lord chancellor. The church is a neat brick edifice dedicated to St. Ethelbert. The charities amount to about 15 per annum. The Independents have a chapel, and there is a National school. The Duke of Hamilton is lord of the manor. FALKINGHAM, a par. and small market town in the wap. of Aveland, parts of Kesteven, co. Lincoln, 9 miles S. of Slcaford, and 24 S.E. of Lincoln. A castle was built here in the 13th century by Henry de Beaumont, the site of which is now occupied by the house of correction for the parts of Kesteven. Petty sessions are held in the town, which is situated on the summit of a lofty hill, commanding extensive prospects over the Fens. The streets are well paved, and the houses in general well built. It contains a bank and savings-bank. Springs abound in this neighbourhood, some of which partake of mineral properties. To the S.E. of the town is a large encampment, with a deep foss and rampart. The living is a rect. in the dioc. of Lincoln, val. with the vie. of Laughton annexed, 511. The church is a commo- dious stone structure, with tower and crockctted pin- nacles. It is dedicated to St. Andrew, and has beautiful stained-glass memorial windows. The parochial charities produce about 15 per annum. The Wesleyans have a chapel, and there is an endowed free school. Arthur Heathcoate, Esq., is lord of the manor. Thursday is market day, and fairs are held on Ash Wednesday. Palm Monday, 12th May, Thursday after Old Michael- mas, and 22nd November. FALKIRK, a par., market town, and parliamentary borough in the co. Stirling, Scotland, 10 miles S.E. of Stirling. It is a station on the Edinburgh and Glas- gow railway. The par. is bounded on the N. by Du- nipace, Larbert, and Bothkennar, on the E. by Pol- mont and Muiravonside, on the S. by Slamannan (these last three places, with Denny, were anciently within the parochial limits) and the co. of Lanark, and on the W. by the co. of Dumbarton and Denny. Its length is 7 miles, its breadth 4, and it contains the town of Grangemouth, and the vils. of Camelon, Lawerston, Bainsford, Barleyside, Bonnybridgo, and Glen. The principal rivers of the par. are the Carron, which traces its N.W. boundary, into which fall the Bonnywater rising in the S.W., Westquarter Burn, and Avon Water. The Forth passes within a short distance of the N.E. boundary. Several rivulets and one or two small lakes of minor importance aro within this parish. The surface is generally flat, but beyond the " Carse of Falkirk" it becomes more elevated, and presents a prospect of sur- passing beauty. Falkirk churchyard commands the Firth of Forth and the Ochil hills, as described by Sir Walter Scott. The soil is for the most part carefully husbanded ; about one-eighth is woodland. The mineral productions are coal, which is abundant, and copper, lead, silver, and cobalt, which are only found in small quan- tities. Kerse House is the seat of the Earl of Zetland ; Callendar House of William Forbes ; Bantackine House is another residence. The road from Edinburgh to Glasgow traverses the interior. This par. is in the presb. of Linlithgow and synod of Lothian and Tweeddale, in the patron, of the crown. The minister has a stipend of 339. The church was built in 1810, on the site of an ancient edifice constructed in 1105, part of which now forms the portal of the present church. In the church- yard are the graves of Sir J. Graham and Sir J. Stewart, who fell under Wallace in 1298 ; also of the two Monros, who fell in 1746. The district of Camelon is a parish quoad sacra. Here are two Free churches, three United Presbyterian and Reformed Presbyterian churches, Con- gregational, Evangelical Union, Baptist, and Roman Catholic chapels, two parochial schools, grammar school, and numerous other schools. Falkirk, anciently called Eglais three, the "spotted church," in allusion to the varied shades of stone in the building, changed its name to JSylais Chris, or the " broken church," after it became a ruin, and hence its modern name of Falkirk. The town was formerly one of the forts of Agricola, on the wall of Antoninus, and was afterwards included in the old barony of Callendar. It stands in the middle of the parish. The High-street is wide, and about half-a-milo long, the sub- ordinate streets and alleys being generally narrow and straggling. Falkirk was erected into a burgh of regality in 1646 by the Livingstone family, of Callendar, who possessed it till 1715, when it was forfeited to the crown. It is now a parliamentary burgh, returning, with Airdrie, Hamilton, Lanark, and Linlithgow, one member to par- liament. It is governed by a provost and 12 councillors. Here are a sheriff's and small debts courts. The town contains the townhall, a handsome building erected in 1813, five banks, insurance offices, gas and water works, mills, distilleries, public reading-rooms, and libraries, also a gaol, Union poorhouse, and Livingstone's hospital, founded in 1640 for four aged persons. It supports five newspapers, published weekly. The Forth and Clyde canal runs through the whole length of the parish, and about midway branches off the Edinburgh Union canal. The principal trade carried on is in leather, coal, and cast iron. The great Carron iron works are just without tho parish boundary. Two great battles took place in this parish: the first in 1298, when Wallace was defeated by Edward I., with a loss of 15,000 men ; the second in 1746, when the Pretender routed the royal troops under Gene- ral Hawley the latter battle-field is now crossed by the Edinburgh and Glasgow railway, and by the Union canal. At a short distance to the N.W. of this parish is the field of Bannockburn. Numerous antiquities are met with in various parts of the parish, including part of Antoninus's Wall, a Roman causeway leading to Almond Castle, and the site of the Roman town Camelon, where traces of buildings existed till within a recent period. Market days are Thursday and Saturday. Fairs are held on one Thursday in each month, except February, Sep- tember, and December. Trysts are held on the second Wednesdays in August and September, and on the second Tuesday in October, for the sale of black cattle. FALKLAND, a par. and post town in the district of Cupar, co. Fife, Scotland, 7 miles S.W. of Cupar, and 25 from Edinburgh. The par. is encompassed by Auchter- muchty, Strathmiglo, Kettle, Markinch, Leslie, and Portmoak. It measures about 5 miles each way, and contains the vils. of Balmbrae, Newton, and the post vil. of Freuchie. The river Eden skirts it on the N. border, and a stream falling into the Leven on the S. The sur- face is pleasantly varied, though generally flat, except in the S., where the East Lomond rises 1,466 feet. Culti- vation is vigorously pursued ; granite, lime, and building- stone are quarried, and lead was formerly worked. This par. is in the presb. of Cupar and synod of Fife. The