Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 1.djvu/855

Rh DUNTON. 845 DURHAM. DUNTON, or WAYLETT, a par. in the hund. of Barstable, in the co. of Essex, a miles. S.W. of Billericay, and 5 N.W. of Stanford-le-Hope station, oil the London and Stmthend line. Brentwood is its post town. It is situated on the Langdon hills, and is mentioned as far back as the reign of Edward the Confessor, at which time it belonged to Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, by whom it was given to the Abbey of Bee, in Normandy. On the suppression of alien priories it was granted to King's College, Cambridge. The living is a rect.* in the dioc. of Rochester, val. 412, in the patron, of King's College, Cambridge. Tho church, dedicated to St. Mary the Virgin, is situated on a hill, and has a wooden tower and spire. There is a National school. DONURLIN, a par. in the bar. of Corkaquiny, in the co. of Kerry, prov. of Minister, Ireland, 6 miles N.W. of Uingle, its post town. It is situated on Smer- wick Bay, near Dunurliu Head, and includes part of the Sugar-loaf Mountain and the village of Glenfimia. The living is a rect. in the dioc. of Ardfert and Aghadoe, val. 112, in the patron, of the bishop. Public worship is held at the coastguard station. The Roman Catholic chapel is unitod to that of Kilmechedor. There are two schools. There are remains of Fort Uel'Or, built in 1.579 by a party of Spaniards, who were beaten off by Captain Courtney. DUNVEGAN, a vil. in the par. of Kilmuir, in the en. of Inverness, Scotland. It is situated on Loch Follart, near Dunvogan. Hero is Dunvegan Castle, tli seat of the Macleods, which is supposed to bo one of the oldest fortresses in Scotland, having been begun in (ho 10th century. Many curious relics of ancient times are preserved in the castle, including the famous h'irn of Rnrie More, the oaken cup of Nial Glundubh, and thu fairy flag. DUNWEAR, a hmlt. in the par. of Bridgwatcr, in the co. of Somerset, close to Bridgwater. DUNWICH, a par. and seaport, having separate jurisdiction, but locally situated in the hund. of Blyth- ing, in the co. of Suffolk, 4 miles S.W. of Southwold, and 4 S.E. of Biythburg. Yoxford is its post town. It is situated on the cliffs overlooking the North Sea, -as formerly a market town and borough, returning two members to parliament, but was disfranchised by the passing of the Reform Bill. It is believed to have been a Roman station, and was the Diottoc or Uinimoc of the Saxons, the capital of East Anglia, and a bishop's tec. At the Domesday survey it was in possession of the Malets, at which time it contained three churches, and continued to increane in importance till at one time there were within its limits above fifty churches and chapels, a prcceptory of Knights Templars, founded in the 13th century, monasteries of black and grey friars, nd a hospital "for lepers. In the reign of Henry II. there was a mint. King John incorporated the town. It was also a place of considerable trade, and furnished eleven ships of war to Edward I. It is now merely a fishing village, the encroachments of the sea having swept away a large portion of the cliffs, and nearly all the old houses and buildings. A few ruins of a monas- tery and hospital remain ; and the tower and ruins of the ancient church of All Saints are still standing. It is ,i borough, with a recorder, two bailiffs, aldermen, < .iiinon couttcilmen, and two magistrates. The living is a porpet. cur. in the dioc. of Norwich, val. 52, in the ju'.ioiL. of F. 1'iarnc, Esq. The church, dedicated to St. i.i:nc3, is a handsome modem structure. The parochial ci. irities produce about 170 per annum, a very small portion of which goes towards the support of the church. There is both a day and Sunday school. Roman anti- quities, consisting of coins, urns, &c., have been found. It gives the title of Viscount to the Earl of Stradbroke. DUNWOOD, an ext, par. place in the hund. of ngate, limnscy div., in the eo. of Southampton, 3 miles S.W. of Romsey, and 5 N.E. of Bramshaw. DUNWOOD, a limit, in the co. of Stafford, 3 miles I-.W. of Leek. DUNWOODIE, a par. joined to Applegarth, in the I' Dumfries, Scotland. DUNWOODY-BAY, in the co. of Cork, prov. of Munster, Ireland, 6 miles S.E. of Clonakilty. It is situated near Seven Heads and the ruins of Dunwoody Castle. DUN WORTH HUNDRED, in the co. of Wilts, contains the pars, of Anstey, St. Leonard Berwick, Chicklade, Chilmurk, Donhead St. Andrew and St. Mary, Fonthill-Gifford, Sedghill, Swallowcliffe, Evias Teffont, East and West Tisbury, and Wardour, com- prising 26,650 acres. DUPPLIN, a par. now joined to Aberdalgie, in the co. of Perth, Scotland. Dupplin Castle was burnt down in 1827, but has since been rebuilt by Earl Kinnoul, who takes from Dupplin the title of Viscount. There is a rich library in the castle. DURAS. See KINVAHKADOOHAS, co. Gal way, Ireland. DURHAM, a maritime co. in the N. of England, lying between 54 27' and 55 1' N. lat., and 1 8' and 2 20' W. long., bounded on the N. by Northumberland, on the E. by the German Ocean, on the S. by Yorkshire, and on the W. by Cumberland and Westmoreland. Its greatest length from E. to W. is 48 miles, its greatest breadth from N. to S. 39 miles, and its area 973 square miles, or 622, 476 statute acres, with a coast line of 32 miles, defended by cliffs of magnesian limestone. Tho population of Durham in 1861 was 508,666, viz. North Durham, 338,25-1, South Durham, 170,412, of whom 258,297 were males, and 250,369 females, having in- creased since 1851, when it was 390,997, by 117,669, or at the rate of 30 per cent, during the ten years, and since 1801, when it was 149,384 by 359,282, or at the rate of 241 per cent, during the sixty years. The number of inhabited houses in 1861 was 84,807, and of uninhabited, 4,240. The county of Durham formerly included several districts lying within the boundaries of Northumberland and Yorkshire, but in 1844 Norham- shire, Islandshire, Bedlingtonshire, and the parish of Craike, were by Stat. 7 and 8, Viet. c. 8, incorporated with the counties in which they are respectively situated. When the Romans invaded Britain, Durham formed part of the territory of the Brigantes, or "hill people," who held all the country between the Mersey and the Tyne. Upon the subjugation of the Brigantes by the Romans under Cerealis and Agricola, Durham was in- cluded in the division Maxima Cce.iaricnsis, remaining in the possession of the Romans till their final departure from the island. The principal Roman stations within the county were Tiiirlomara at Ebchester, Vixocium at Binchester, I'.pittcxtn at Lanchester, Ad Tisaiti at Pierce Bridge, and (rabrosentunt at Gateshead. Roman antiqui- ties have been found at Old Durham, Chester-le-Street, Soutli Shields, Pierce Bridge, Lanchester, Stanhope, and Thornton. The Tecs was known to the Romans as Tint, the Tyno as Tina, and the Wear as Vcdtv, During the Saxon period Durham was comprehended in the kingdom of Deira, and was afterwards incorporated with Northumbria by Oswald. About 634 a bishopric was established in Holy Island, but was shortly after- wards removed to York. In 678 Northumbria was divided into two dioceses, and Holy Island again be- came the seat of a bishopric. The bishop and clergy, in order to escape the ravages of the Danes, subsequently removed, about 875, to Chester-le-Street, in 995 to Ripon, and finally to Durham, which has ever since been the seat of the bishopric. Durham was made a county palatine by Egfrid in 685, having the power to hold parliaments, coin money, raise taxes, and levy soldiers. During the reign of William the Conqueror, Durham suffered grievously. In 1069 Robert Comyn, win i had been sent by William to reduce the northern counties to submission, having entered the city of Dur- ham with 700 men, was there attacked and defeated: in consequence of this reverse William marched north- ward, destroying everything in his progress. For sixty miles N. of York the country was entirely devas- tated, the churches and monasteries were plundered, and the inhabitants left without the means of subsis- tence. In the desolate condition in which it was then left it remained for nine years. Shortly afterwards