Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 1.djvu/85

Rh I- ANTONINUS, WALL OP, 75 ANTRIM. N.W. of North Walsham. The river Ant rises hero. Tlw- living consists of thorcct. of St. -Mary, with the vie. of Thorpe Market, and deaue,y of Bradlield annexed, in the (Hoc. of Norwich, vul. together .til .3, in the patron. of Lord Siillield, who is lord of the manor. Thi-n: w< re formerly in this parish two churches in the same, church - . built by two :-i:.(ers, tile one dedicated to St. Mary, ther to St. Margaret : the latter is now in ruins, with its ivy-mantled tower; the. former is built of flint, and lias a monumental bra. s to Richard C.'althuiiie. The
 * -r dates from l(J7'.l. Here is a beautiful rectory-

, in the Italian style, built in 18-1.5, and a national ..I. Thorcct. of St. Margaret is now united with the vio. of North Walsham. ANTONINUS, WALL OF, a famous Koman cn- hment, extending from the l''orth to tho Clyde, tructed about the" year HO, under tho Buperinten- of Lollius Ui-bi. llie lieiiii'iiants of tho Emperor Antoninus I'ius. It consisted of a foss, a strong rampart, .-.nd a military road on the south side of them. A line of twenty-ono forts had been formed long previously by Agncola, ami tliis new work was probably i taken to connect them. Its length was about thirty- six miles, and there was an interval of about two miles 1 1 and fort. At Duntocher, which was one of the chief stations, there are still remains of it, and also a Koman bridge; and tho course of tho entrenchment may be traced a urea! part of its length. Tho rampart, whieli was of earth, rested on a :-.tone foundation, 21 fei-t thick, and was about twenty feet high. Its purpose was, 1 i protect South or Koman Britain, from the destructive inroads of the northern tribes. It is now locally called Grime's Dyke. Inscriptions have: been discovered which show the particular divi-iona of tho army which were d in forming this wall. ANTONY, ST.' .IA0015, a par. in the loiithein div. of the bund, of East, in the. en. of ( 'oniwall, 3 miles to r . of Dcvonport. It is situated on tho coast of Lynher Creek, at tho mouth of the river Tumor, not far from the borders of Devonshire. It contains thochapelry of Torpoint. The living is a vie.* with tho cur. of Merrifield, inthedioc. of Exeter, val. .C2(i2, in the patron, of the Kight Hon. W. If. ]'. < arcw. Tho church is dedicated to St. James, and contains a brass under a rich canopy, to the memory of Margery Arundell, who died in 1420. It has also several monuments to the drew family, one of them being to Eichard Carew, who wrote the " Survey of Cornwall." He died in 1620. There is a church at Torpoint, the living of which isap< cur., val. 124, in tho patron, of the vicar. The Wes- leyan Methodists have a chapel here. There ia a free " '1 for ten children endow <! 1 >y Sir ( '. Carcw. Antony House is the seat of (lie ( 'arews; Thaneks, en the banks of Hamoa/o, is tho scat of the Dowager Lady Graves. Coarse slate is quanii d here. ANTRIM, a maritime co. in tho prov. of Ulster, bounded on the K. by tho Iri. h Channel, on the N. by the Northern Ocean, on the S. by Lough NI ugh and the counties of Armagh and Down, and on the W. by the counties of Deny and Tyrone. I! ha:; a coast lino of ill) miles. It extends in length, N. and S., 60 miles, and its greatest breadth is 2-i miles. It comprises an of above 7l>0,(JOO acre:,. It is situated between 54 28'ajid55 13' north latitude ; and between 5 40' and 6 37' west longitude. It is divided for civil pur- poses into fourteen baronies, which an- the follow- ing Upper Antrim, Lower Antrim, Upper Belfast, Lower Belfast, Upper Mas^i n i ne, Lower Massorei -no, Upper Glenann, Lower Glcnami, Upper Toome, Lower Toome, Kilconway, Upper Dunluce, Lower Dunluce, and Carey. It contains 74 parishes, of which twelve are market towns and three are boroughs. Tho latter are Belfast, recently made the county town ; C'arrickfergus, which was formerly the county town ; and Lisburn. Before tho union, Antrim returned ten representatives to parliament ; it now returns six, two for the county, two for Belfast, one for Carrickforgus, and one for Lisburn. Tho government of the county is entrusted to a lieutenant and custos, a high sheriff, twenty-two deputy lieutenants, and above a hundred magistrates. In the earliest times, this part of Ireland was the scat of a Celtic tribe called tho Darini. It was frequently subject to the desolating d' -cents of tho Danes upon its coasts, and at a later period to those of tho Scots, who at last fixed themselves there. The O'Neills were for a time lords of tho district, and after them, some English adventurers. Antrim was in. .do a county in tho reign of King John, by whom also the castle of Carrickfcrgus was built in 1210. For a short time it fell into the bands of tho Scottish chief F.dward Bruce, from whom it was retaken by tho Eng- lish. But the O'Neills, on a sudden provocation, rose in 1333, against tho English, and regained the whole district except CarriokfargM and part of tho Glynnes. Dunluco Castle was besieged by Sir John Tcrrot, in the reign of Ouei n Kli/abelli, and the garrison surrendered. The MacDonneUs, the greatest proprietors at that period, and who camo into possession of tho district in the loth century, again gave up tho castle to tho English, after it had heeu lost by treachery. The country was at one time divided into tho three districts of Lower Clan-IIugh- lloy, the Glynnes, and the Route ; the first name being formed from that of a chief of tho O'Neills, Hugh Boy O'Neill, tho second indicating tho natural character of tho surface, abounding in glens, and the third being a corruption of the more ancient name Dalriada. The surface of this county is mostly hilly, rising gradually from tho southern and western sides in parallel ridges towards tho north-east. Tho mountains attain their greatest elevation near tho coast, where they terminate in bold cliffs and headlands. Tho predominant forma- tion is the trap, which forms nearly the entire surface of tho county. Beneath tho trap there lie in succession beds of chalk, indurated and incapable of being worked, green sand, red sandstone, and mica slate. These beds, with their various colours, give to the cliffs and head- lands a singular and striking effect. Their highest beauty and grandeur are attained on the northern coast, at tho well-known Giant's Causeway, which consists of a mass of basalt in tho columnar form, dipping per- pendicularly into tho sea. Beds of coal and red ochro are occasionally observed, mixed with tho other strata. Coal was at one time obtained near tho basaltic rock, at tho north-east point of tho county, called Ben- more or Fair Hoad. Porphyry is found in a small district north of tho town of Antrim, and in some other places. Tho principal mountains in tho interior are Divis, to tho west of Belfast, which has an elevation of 1,567 feet ; Agncw's Hill to tho west of Larne, 1,558 feet ; Blemish, to tho east of Ballymcna, 1,437 feet; Tristan, tho loftiest in tho county, and situated to the south-west of Cushendall, 1,810 feet; and Knocklayd, to the south of Ballycastle, 1,685 feet. As the greatest elevation of the; flow ':id discharge themselves into Lough i earns which fall into tho Irish Channel
 * - is near the coast, most of tho principal rivers
 * Table. 'Pi ' i ver is the Bann,

which flows along the western border of the county from Lough Neagh, as far north an 1'allymoney, and then through a p.irl. of Londonderry to the Atlantic ocean. The Main rises among tho mountains of tho noilb and <;':-!, and falls into Lough Neagh below KandaLiown. The Six-Mile Water flows across the county from Lari:e, and falls into the Lough near Antrim. 'The I.:. 1 1 rough a rich fertile valley, on the southern border, and unites Belfast with Lough h. Tho Bush runs northward and falls into th Atlanlie In loiv Ihi hiuills. Lough Neagh is the la lake in tho British islands. It is about 20 miles i:i h nutli and 12 miles in hieadth, and has an area of 150 square miles. Its surface is estimated to be 48 feet Ii'Vfl of (lie sea at low water. [SwNsAOH, Loron.l Lough Beg, the only other lake of importance, lies a little north of Lough Xeagh, and is connected with it by a channel a mile in length. There are largo, of bog in tho county, and very little w. country. The principal features of inti ivst along tho coast, which is mostly abrupt and rocky, are on the northern line, the three rocks called the Skerries . '