Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 1.djvu/834

Rh .N CASTLE. 821 IM'MFIMKS. engine-works, foundries, and rope-works. Large vessels can bo moored alongside the quay only during spring tides. Thi (oil into a royal burgh by II. in 1221, and additional charters with ex- i were granted by succeeding monarchs. One ot th' -si- piivilegos gave the town right to a free port, and power to levy customs and dues on all gating tin' Clyilr bi-twecn the Kelvin Vate-r
 * ! milrs below Glasgow, and the head of Loch Long.

light was sold in 1700 to the town council of Glasgow for the sum of 4,500 marks, equal to about 200 sterling, and it was l art her agreed that vessels belonging to Glasgow and Port Glasgow should not pay duties in the harbour of Dumbarton, -and that on the other hand, vessels belonging to Dntbtttn should be exempted from duties in the harbours of Glas- gow and Port Glasgow. The burgh of Dumbarton is mil by a provost, 3 bailies, a treasurer, and 11 councillors. The magistrates exercise the usual civil and criminal jiui .-<iir;i-.n belonging to royal burghs. The burgh courts are held weekly. There is also a de-an-of-guild court which, besides other powers, takes cognisance of the sufficiency of buildings and of weights and measures. Dumbarton"joins with Kilmarnock, I'it Glasgow, Renfrew, and Rutherglen in sending one member to parliament. Population in 1851, 4,546; in 1861,8,253. Houses in 1851, 274; in 1861, 566. One newspaper, the Dumbarton Herald, is published in the town every Thursday and Saturday. A weekly market is held on Tuesday. DUMBARTON CASTLE is situated picturesquely on a rock rising abruptly from a flat marshy peninsula between the Clyde and the Levcn. The rock, which is trap or basalt, measures 260 feet in heigh t, with a circumference ut the base of 1 mile. It is cleft in two at the summit by a deep narrow chasm. The entrance to the castle is on the S., but since cannon have been used in sieges it has been worthless as a fortification, being commanded by the neighbouring elevation of Dumbuck on the N. This rock has been used as a stronghold from very ancient times, and is mentioned by iiede. From its importance as a fortification it very frequently changed hands ; and was held by the English in the end of the 13th and beginning of the 14th century. At the union of the kingdoms it was agreed that this should be one of the Scottish fortifications which should be kept in repair in all time coming. DUMBARTONSHIRE RAILWAY, a line of rail- way extending 8J miles from Frisky on the Clyde, near Bowling-Bay to the foot of Loch Lomond at Balloch ; and from Dumbarton to Helonsburgh. The stations of the former, besides the termini, are Dumbarton, Dal- reoch, Renton, and Alexandria. Steamers on the Clyde and on Loch Lomond run in connection with the trains. DUMBENAN, a par. now united to Huntley, in the co. of Aberdeen, Scotland. DUNBLANE. See DUNBLANE, Perth, Scotland. DUMBLETON, a par. in the lower div. of the hund. of KifUgate, in the co. of Glour. M.-r, I miles N. of Winchcomb, and 6 S.W. of Evesham, its post town and nearest railway station on the Oxford and Wolverhamp- ton lino. It is situated on the river Isburn. The village is small ; some of the inhabitants are engaged in making for the Worcester houses. The living is a rect.* in the dioc. of Gloucester and Bristol, val. 354, in the (patron, of E. Holland, Esq., who is lord of the manor. The ehurch, dedicated to St. Peter, is an ancient stone structure, with tower and clock. It contains mununie-nts of the Cocks family and others. The parochial charities produce about -~ii> per annum. There is a National school for boys and girls, also an infant school. Duiu- bleton Hall !H the principal re-siil- JM-.MIHVK, a . and a hill in the ,, ar . ,,f W, ~t Kilpatriek, in the co. of Dumbarton, Scotland. The village is pleasantly situated near the Clyde, and the hill, composed of basalt, is one of the Kilpatrick range-, ami o ITM1-KIKS, a co. in the S. of Scotland. It is lid ..n tho N. by the cos. of Lanark, Peebles, Selkirk, and Roxburgh; on tho E. bv Cumlierland, Of uy tho cos. of Kirkcudbright and Ayr. It measures 6C miles in extreme length frnm K. tu' V., with a breadtb of about 32 mile- li-um N". tu S. It contains an area oi 1,006 square miles, or 6I4.3S5 Knglish acre western, northern, ., .- i boundaries of the consist of lofty mountains, from which ranges of letter iltitude branch off into tho lowlands. Among tht mountain*, forming tho boundary from W. to t. m Black Larg, 2,890 feet above the sea; Lowther, 3,130; Queensbcrrv, 2,1 in ; Harit'.-ll, :i,:j(i(l ; Vhitcoomb, abdrt the same; Bttriok I'.m. 2,220; Visp-hill, l,S3i I'innis-hiU, 1,846. Of those in the interior of the county the highest are Cairnkinna, 2,080 feet in hei|H Glenquhargen, 1,000 feet; Langholm-hill, 1,204; and Brunswark-hill, 740 feet above tho sea. These tains, owing to the nature of the rocks of which composed, are mostly rounded or flattened on the mils, while their sides rise steeply and abruptly comparatively narrow basis. The central part I county prc.M'iits great diversity of hill and valley. southern part of the county is divided into three basins by tho valleys of the Kith, the Annan, an Esk, which, however, for some miles before re the Solway, are flattened into plains. These rivers follow a south-easterly course for the parallel to one another, at an average di IM, and have many small tributaries, chiefly re able for the beauty of the dells through wind. The county has few lakes, those of 1. - i Loch Skene being the most remark the source of Moflat water, which forms t waterfall called tho " Grey Mare's I in the rivers and lakes. Chalybeate and sulp springs are found in various places. The cli genial, being di -tended by the mountainous b from northerly and easterly blasts, but un- wind* in summer and autumn blow ii S., they bring along with them an abundance i ture from the Atlantic. In the v. winds ore from the E. and N. Game is plen In the southern part of tho county, various hues from grey to reddish, and ot degrees of c stone is largely worked. Ironstone occurs both dated with limestone and also as has not hitherto been worked. Co- parishes of Sanquhar ami Canobie. In Sanquhar at Wanlockhcad, at the WX tho county, galena, or lead ore, yielding per cent, of metal, ia worked. These lead min. xtensive in Britain. From to 12 i.ilver per ton is also extracted from i occurs in quartz veins, or in the sands of i tho mountains around Wanlockln mony i Hand occurs at (llendinni 1 parish of Wcstkirk. The rocks of ma- are composed of groywacke, greens basalt. Tho soil varies in ditlerent parts of tl being in general light, or cor the southern parts. Alluvial soils of greater or lesser depth skirt tin- stream-. IV.et moss is aim Estates are held e-ithe -r of the e-n.wn . i-T, whei may or may not 1 c- unity. In e !( In T of these case* estates may be ei for an unlimited pori< d. In the neighb n i In re arc possession* called " " In Id ol tlm sovereign subject to a small i payliie-nt to an otlicci- a|ipuinti-d by the - te-nure s ex-cur in Orkney. Fuu-holding, invoh in pi tuity i if right and power of alienation, but sol a fair annual n nl. i-> Long leases of small plots "i 1 land rr buileling pi are common. Farms of arable. laiiel are- let "ii le lil'te-e -n. i nty-one years, and i s. Don the new improM- and husbandry have Ixwn introduce<l. Black
 * he 8. by the Solway Firth, on the S.W., W., and N.W.