Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 1.djvu/78

Rh ANDREWS, ST. ANDREWS, ST. . thu first tlund, was burnt hero as u ; soon boro tln-ii . in thr MII.' George Buchanan, who had wriit. the friars, was imprisoned in tin-. l>ut escaped. Here, on the 8th March, 1".1"<. in On presence of tin "infamous" Cardinal Beaton, George Wishart was burnt. > months elapsed and On; natural retribution followed; the. cardinal was slain in his castle by Norman l.< she ami his associates. On the Bmday in June, : mion was preached by John Knox, wliirh so - indignation and rouged the wnith of the popula'i' nnmcdiatilv k.xl the cathedral, and in one day il - VI., in 1.583, took refuge for a timr in the castle, nobles who had laid restraint on him at Itiitlivii. At Magus Muir, at tho western end of the parish, James Sharpe, Archbishop of St. Andrew's, . a partv <' " ilfuur of Burley on tin' :tid May, I'iT'.i. 1'iv.- of the lrty taken and exccnti-il in tin following Novunl still stands which was erected to their memory. Tho aspect of tho modern town, seen from rising ground to the south and west of it, is very pleasant. It is about a mile and a half in circuit, commanding an open pros- i th'UeromnOctun, and the buildings are agreeably intermingled with trees and gardens. There are throe ipal streets, which run in n.-aily parallel directions, and are crossed by others at right angles. There was formerly ain.tl, . .illow-stroet, which lay furth ith, now converted into a public walk, 1 the Scores, to tho north of which are the ruins of what was once tho castle, about 300 yards distant from tho cathedral ; and at : the Scores is a handsome monumental obeli.sk, 45 feet high, on a rccted in 1812 to the memory of tho Protestant martyrs of St. Andrew's. Many of tho houses are very ancient, most of thorn are lofty and well built. The public buildings nnd the remains of antiquity give a dignity and charm to tho place such as few towns possess. St. Andrew's was raised from a village to tho dignity of a royal burgh in 1140 by David 1, and a or archbishop's see, in 1471. Vnder tho Reform Act it is governed by a provost, dean of guild, four bailies, and twenty-four councillors, nnd tho revenues of tho burgh amount to about 1,300 a year. It returns one member to parliament in conjunction with Kn.M Wester Ai. nil, Cupar, Kilrenny, nnd 1'ittrn- wecn. Thn port was formerly subordinate to Kirkcaldy, but has been lately constituted by tho government a bonding-jwrt ; and its customs amount to about 800 a year. < > what it was in ancient days. Formerly an extensive commerce was carried on hero, with all parts of Kuropo, and in the 15th century, in the month of A] market was held, m from 200 to 300 vessels entered tho harbour, bringing traders and. ,-. The harbour is capable of admitting vessels of 30" burl ry at low w two light- houses on tin- pi.r with fixed ligl' of six mile*. ITin making of golf-balls was long a great branch of indu-try, but is now extinct. From eight to ten thousand a year of those balls were formerly mode, half of which were required for home use, and tho rest exported. sport by the Ron- ono of noblemen and 'i-tin- guished by a red coat ; the other of iwrsons of lower rank, a green ja. - lii.-f mam:t t p: i w- al- .'. many Hour mills, m sawmill i The . 111.- town d Scotland. It w in 1411 by I idlaw, - .!! by Benedict XI 1 1. It i, said that the c- anexciu-:: I itself in a grand clerical procession and a Te beam it. cathedral. In 1455, Bishop Kennedy, who Wardlaw, founded, under a charter from Nichol. tho college of St. Balvator: and in 1512, John 11. p' prior of the Augustine monastery, founded a third < named St. Leonard's. In 1537, Archbish uncle of the Cardinal, undertook to establish n college on tho site of the old buildings called gogy. Tho undertaking was completed by / Hamilton, and tho new college was called St. .M In tho year 1747 an act of parliament was pass' which the two colleges of St. Salvator and s . .unbilled under the i, St. Salvator and St. Leonard. No change has* made since in tho constitution of tho colleges, ami university now consists of tho United College hist na > and St. Mary's. The establishment of the forn . professors of Greek, Latin, logic ami ill moral philosophy, natural philosophy, civil history, < In - mistry, and anatomy : political economy being taught by the professor of moral philosophy. St. Mary's G which is exclusively devoted to theology, has a pi M who is also professor of theology, proicssore of dr. ecclesiastical history, and tho Oriental languages. J. t. of tho colleges has a number of bursaries att the United College having about sixty, and about twenty, 'lilt- students of the former wea; frieze gowns, those of the hitter wear no gown. univiTsity library, open to both colleges, contains above 50,000 volumes and a few valuable manuscripts. The buildings of tho United College ore in North- havo been ro-croctcd by government grants within the hist thirty years. They are in tho form of a ' i 230 feet in length and 180 feet in '< is a lofty steeple, 156 feet high, over tho gatvwa;. the ancient chapel is next the street. This chnj Gothic structure of extraordinary beauty, but having fallen into decay its fine roof was removed, and i- windows displaced for inferior ones. A restoration however, effected during the y ar istll, in harmony with the original design. 1 Monu- ment of its founder, Bishop Kennedy, and still s. both as tho college chapel and the parish chinch of St. Leonard's. St. Mary's College is in S and tho buildings, which have been recently n- occupy two sides of a quadrangle. Besides tl. colleges, St. Andrew's possesses varion educational institutions and public schools, t which is tho noblo institution founded by Dr. and called tho Madras College. Dr. Bell was a ' of tho city, and tho founder of tho Madras i- of education. Tho grammar and I form. ; now college. 'I In- Imildings are in Soutli-stiii t. in the form of a quadrangle, and in tin l-'.l. architecture. There ore above 1,000 studn i.rolieii.-ivc nnd of a high order. 'I i is situated at tl th" town, ami though in ruins, is tin mo.,t all. object in On i ',- Ft was a on ifonn struct i in 1. ' JO t. it broad, with a trans, j.t 1M> f. . t in i. It on i . !y ICO years in Iniil '. in I V. witnessing the laying of tho foundatioi in 1159, and Robert Bi niniaiS. It had six spires or turrets, one of them being over the < mid very lofty. It wan partly in 1 and partly in tl. Mxceptiiii.' some ] damage by fire soon alt. i i; . completion, it stood 1111- hann . and then jierished in a day by the viol, i -ted. that ii . lahle . dilic.. i-. tin- end, with its two towers, each lo.> . one of thi western towir.-. with half of tin mda part of the ...lith wall. Close 1> tin- ea-t i ml of tin- cathe- dral stands the rlia)*-! and tower of St. IJule. Th sed to bo the . l.i. -i r> li< s of . bur. h architecture in of good preservation. J. . t high, with sides n! wide; it has a stone staircase to tho top. These remains and