Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 1.djvu/77

Rh ANDOVER HUNDRED. 07 ANDREW'S, ST. living ia a, perpet. cur. in the gift of "Winchester College. There are churches at both villages. There are places of wi>r.-hip for Baptists, Independents, and the "Wesleyan Methodists. A free grammar school was established and endowed by John Hanson in 1569. The school-house was built and is kept in repair by the corporation. Another free school for twenty children was founded by John
 * i in 1719. There is an almshimse for eight poor

men, and one for six poor women, the latter founded by "athorino Hanson. The charities of the parish amount .together to 189. A largo national school is main- '-.ed by subscription. There is also a British school, 'al Roman encampments exist near Andover, that on Hill, to the S.W.', being the most extensive. There 10 a large camp at Rooksbury, and another on 'ancbury Hill, with very high ramparts, near which is anute's Barrow, and the Devil's Ditch. Two Roman cross each other about a mile to the N.E. of the, tli:it from Winchester to Cirenccstcr is still trace- ili- in Huivwood, where the Portway crosses it to the north. The market day is Friday. There are fairs for illlc, and cheese, on Mid-Lent Saturday, Old May-day, the 1st August, the 18th November, and on the 17th for sheep. The famous "Weyhill fair commences on the 10th October, and lasts seven days. From a Sunday revel before Michaelmas, it grew to be one of the most important fairs in England. Cheese, cattle, sheep, and ho] w, are the chief commodities. The fair was held under a charter granted by Queen Elizabeth, and confirmed by Charles II. Its importance has declined of late years. The par. contains 7,670 acres : the borough, which in- cludes Foxcott and Knights-Enham, has an area of 10,982 acres, comprising 1,059 inhabited houses, with a population of 5,221, according to the census of 1861, against 5,187 in 1851, showing an increase of only 34 in- habitants in the decennial period. ANDOVER HUNDRED, in the Andover div. of the co. of Southampton, is bounded on the N. by Wiltshire and the hundred of Pastrow, on the E. by the hundred of Evingar, on the S. by the hundreds of Wherwell, King's Sombourn, and Thorngate, and on the "W. by the hundred of Thorngate and Wiltshire, and contains in the upper half the pars, of Am port Fyfield, Gratcly, Kimplon, Quarlcy, Shipton Bellinger, Thruxton, and South Tidworth ; and in the lower half, the pars, of "Upper Clatford, Knights- Enham, Foxcott, Monxton, Pcnton-Mowsey, Weyhill, and part of Abbot's Ann. This hund. comprises an area of 28,500 acres. ANDOVER FORD, a vil. in the par. of Dowdeswell, hund. of Bradley, in the co. of Gloucester, 6 miles to the N.W. of Northleach. It lies among the Cotswold bills, and is watered by the small river Isborne. ANDREW'S, ST., or BALLYHALBERT, a par. in the bar. of Ards, in the co. of Down, prov. of Ulster, Ireland, 2 "miles to the E. of Kircubbin. It is situated between Lough Strangford and the Irish Sea, and in- cludes the several pars, of Ballywalter, Ballyhalbcrt, and Innishargy. A Benedictine monastery was esta- blished here, about the commencement of the 13th cen- tury, by John do Courcy, as a cell to the abbey of Lonley, iu Normandy. On the suppression of alien priories it was given to the Archbishop of Armagh, with whom, after several changes of ownership, it finally rc- nmnod. The land is good and higlily cultivated; much bog has been reclaimed. The living is a vie. in the dioc. of Down, Connor, and Dromore, val. 404, with those of Ballyhalbcrt, Ballywalter, and Innishargy, which were united with it in the reign of Queen Anne, in the patron, of the archbishop. ANDREW'S, ST., DISTRICT, one of the four districts of the co. of Fife, Scotland, being the north-eastern part of the county, bounded by the German Ocean on the N.E. and S.E., by the Frith of Forth on the N.W., and by the district of Cupar on the W. It contains the pars, of St. Andrew, Anstruther Easter and Wester, Cameron, Carnbee, Crail, Denino, Elie, Ferry-Port- on-Craig, Forgan, Kemback, Kilconquhar, Kilrcnny, Kingsbarns, Largo, St. Leonard's, Lenchar's, St. Mu- nance Newburn and Pittcnween. ANDREW T 'S, ST., a par., city, royal and parliamentary borough, and seat of a university, in the district of St. Andrew's, in the co. of Fife, Scotland, 8 miles to the E. of Cupar, and 41 miles to the N. of Edinburgh, or 44 miles by the Edinburgh, Perth, and Dundee railway, with which it is now connected by a branch line. The parish is situated on the coast of St. Andrew's Bay, along which it extends about 10 miles from the river Eden, which forms its northern boundary. Next the sea the land is level and sandy, but rises southward and west- ward in pleasant and well cultivated slopes. The city stands on slightly elevated ground near the shore. The four vils. of Boarhills, Grange, Kincaple, and Strath- kinness, are included in the par. of St. Andrew's. A very high interest attaches itself to this city as the most ancient scat of learning and the Christian religion in Scotland. Its origin lies hidden in a very remote anti- quity, and for guides in the obscurity we have only traditions and legends handed down by the men of the Church. There seems no reason to doubt that before and at the time of the first introduction of Christianity into Scotland, this district was a forest, inhabited by wild animals, among which the wild boar was probably the most numerous class. The ancient Celtic name of the district, Muc-ross, which is singularly perpetuated in the present name of the village Boar-hills, points to this fact. Towards the close of the 4th century, the Picts had possession of this part of the country, and the Druids were their religious guides. The introduction of the now faith and the origin of the city arc related by the ecclesiastical authors iu the following manner: The remains of the apostle St. Andrew, who suffered martyr- dom by crucifixion, were preserved in a shrine, and entrusted to a Greek monk or priest named Regulus. He received a warning in a dream, by night to take a certain part of the sacred relics from the shrine, and carry them to an island far away in the west. Obedient to the vision, he set out with several associates, male and female, and after enduring hardships and perils by sea for two years, they were cast upon land on the spot where the city was afterwards built. The barbarous people showed kindness to the strangers thus suddenly thrown amongst them, and their chief or king, whose seat was then at Abernethy, visited them. Regulus told Iris tale, and spoke so well that the king and many of his people believed. He erected a chapel, and named tho place, instead of Mucrosa, KUrcmont, " cell of the King's mount:" which was changed subsequently to Kttmlc, "cell of Regulus or Rule." The saint is still called St. Rule, and the city Kilrulo, by the Highlanders. The arrival of Regulus with his relics took place, if we may trust the traditions, about the year 372, or nearly 200 years before tho arrival of Columba, and the founding of the monastery at lona. The name St. Andrew's was first given about the year 870 by Kenneth II., King of the Scots, who broke up the Pictish kingdom, and made this place the scat of government. The fame of the city and tho shrine increased, and in the reign of Malcolm III., the bishop attained the dignity of cpiscopus primus, or " chief bishop." About the year 1144 a mitred priory of the Augustine order was founded hero by Bishop Robert, which had rich revenues and five subpriories connected with it. The prior enjoyed in parliament precedence of all abbots and priors. A convent of tho Dominican order, or of Black Friars, was founded in 1274 by Bishop Wiohart, and an Oljscrvantine establishment, in tho 15th century, by Bishop Kenned}'. It was at St. An- drew's that the Scottish parliament, in 1298, met and swore allegiance to Edward I. And here, in 1309, was held the first parliament of Robert Bruce. The castle, which was built by Roger, Bishop of St. Andrew's, towards tho close of tho 12th century, was garrisoned in 1336 by Edward III., but was retaken the next year after his return to England. At the commencement of the 15th century, John Eesby, and some years later, Paul (.'raw, a Bohemian, were burnt in this city for speaking against Romish superstitions. In 1471 the Bishop of Si. Andrew's was raised by the Pope to the dignity of Archbishop, with large revenues and extensive authority.