Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 1.djvu/761

Rh DEKBY. 751 DERBYSHIRE. by payment of an admission fee. Derby has several fine churches : the most noteworthy are All Saints, on the K. side of the town, near the river, with a rich crocketed I Henry VII' s time, 178 feet high, and Grecian ly. liy Gibbs, built about 1725; the interior is ex- elegant, and contains a beautiful screen of rich . .] . u iron-work, and several interesting monuments, of which that to Elizabeth, Countess of Shrewsbury, is the most remarkable. This church was restored about 1850 at a cost of 1,200. The living is a perpet. cur.* in the dioc. of Lichfield (in which dioc. are all the other Churches in Derby), val. 216, in the patron, of Simeon's Trustees. St. Alkmund's church, rebuilt in 1846, at a above 10,000, is a handsome and commodious vith a tower and spire at the western end 207 feet in height; it has accommodation for 1,250 persons. The living is a vie.,* val. 300, in the patron, of the liev. E. H. Abney. St. Werburgh'a stands on an old
 * . . It has a fine Gothic tower. The old church fre-

suffered from its nearness to the Markeaton in 1601 the tower fell, and in 1698 the church 1, but was rebuilt in 1708. The living is a vie.,* .nl. .312, in the patron, of the lord chancellor. St. '.s church is a Gothic building, with a square I 1 tower. The living is a vie.,* val. 115, in In 1 patron, of the lord chancellor. St. John's has eeonunodation for 1,250 persons. The living is a ur.,* val. 220, in the patron, of the Vicar of St. V'rlmrgh's. Besides the above, Derby has five other limvhes St. Peter's, Trinity, Christ's, St. Paul's, and s. Anne's; the Roman Catholic church of St. Mary, . Pugin in 1838 ; seven Methodist chapels,
 * udepeudent, one Unitarian, one Society of

r'riends, and a Jerusalem temple. The public schools If Derby are the grammar school, founded in the < i;?n of Henry II. , and chartered by Mary, one of the
 * t the kingdom ; two endowed, eight Church of
 * (two National), three Independent, one Wes-
 * ie Roman Catholic, one British, one ragged, and

be prison school. The scientific and useful institutions If the town arc, the Philosophical Society, established by
 * >iu win in 1783, with a good library, museum, &c. ; the

um, the town and county museum, the town nd county library, news-rooms, the mechanics' insti- 1 tlio mechanics' hall. Derby has numerous liiiritics : the infirmary, built at a cost of 17,870, with pcommodation for a large number of patients; the i ire almshouses, founded by Elizabeth Countess . sbury for the support of poor men and women ; Vilmot's almshouses for four men and women ; Large's -PS for five clergymen's widows ; Liversage's Imshouses, consisting of thirteen houses, built in 1836 i. n ;iny vacancy occurs the vicar and churchwardens 'eter's parish appoint the almspeople. Derby as few antiquities. Some traces of De Pratis Nunnery, in 1160 by the abbots of Darley, and of a castle t Castlefield, still exist ; coins of brass, silver, and gold, nl a Roman pavement have been found at Little where are also some remains of a bridge, and f the British road Icknield Street. Since 1294 Derby has turned two members to parliament. The limits of the uinicipal and parliamentary boroughs are co-extensive, mprising, according to the census of 1861, 9,014 houses, ihabited by a population of 43,091, against 40,609 in Sol, thus showing an increase of 2,482 in the decennial The town is divided into six wards, governed v a mayor, 12 aldermen, and 36 councillors. The frizes for the county, and the sessions (except the Mid- limmer, which are held at Chesterfield) are held here. 'erby Union contains five parishes St. Alkmund's, St. [ichael's, St. Peter's, which extend beyond the borough, .11 Saints, and St. Werbuvgh's. Among the natives of the A-n were Dr. Thomas Linacre, a learned physician in the jneof Henry VIII. ; Richardson ; Hutton, who wrote the i-story of the town ; Wright, the painter ; Sir H. Bate- i en ; the two Allestreys ; Mawe, the mineralogist ; Bot- >n, Robinson, and Swetnam, the divines. The first Earl arwin were residents of the town. The market is held on Friday, and one for the sale of meat and provisions on Saturday evening; cattle markets are held on Tuesday and Friday. There are fairs on Friday in Easter week, Friday after May-day, Friday in Whitsun week, Friday before Midsummer Day, 25th July, Friday before Michaelmas (cattle), and Friday after the Epiphany. Two fairs are also held for the sale of cheese one on the 21st, 22nd, and 23rd March, and the other on the 27th, 28th, and 29th September. DERBYSHIRE, u midland co., lying to the N. of the Trent, between 52 41' and 53 80' N. lat,, and 1 10' and 2 4' W. long. It is bounded on the N.E. by the West Riding of Yorkshire, from which it is partly separated by the rivers Derwent, Rothor, and Sheaf ; on the E. by Nottinghamshire, from which it is separated by the Erewash; on the S.E. by Leicestershire, from which it is partly separated by the Trent ; on the S.W. by Staffordshire, from which it is separated by the Dove and Trent ; on the W. by Staffordshire and Ches- hire, from the former of which it is separated by the Dove, and from the latter by the Goyt ; and on the N.W. by Cheshire, from which it is here separated by the Etherow. In form it is irregular, the northern part being broad, and the southern part narrow. Its extreme length from N. to S. is 56 miles, its extreme breadth from E. to W. 34 miles, and its area 1,029 square miles, or 658,803 statute acres. A small portion of Derbyshire near the southern extremity is detached from the main part of the county, being shut in between Warwickshire, Leicestershire, and Staffordshire. The population of Derbyshire in 1861 was 339,327, against 296,084 in 1851, showing an increase of 43,243, or at the rate of 15 per cent.,- during the ten years. Since 1801 it has more than doubled. In 1861 the number of inhabited houses was 69,262, and of uninhabited, 3,436. Before the conquest of Britain by the Romans, Derbyshire formed part of the territory of the Coretani, and was afterwards included in the Roman province Flavia C&sariensis. During the Saxon period Derbyshire was comprehended in the kingdom of Mercia, and at Repton on the Trent the Saxon kings had a residence. In the reigns of Ethelred and Alfred, Derbyshire was the scene of frequent contests between the Saxons and the Danes : the latter long held possession of the town of Derby. William the Conqueror made considerable grants of land within the county to Henry de Ferrers, whose son he created Earl ,de Ferrers, and his grandson Earl of Derby. William Peverel, a natural son of William the Conqueror, also received extensive grants of land, and to him is attributed the building of the Peak and Bolsover castles. Richard I. deprived the Earl of Ferrers of the title and possessions of the earldom of Derby, and bestowed them on his own brother, John. After the latter ascended the throne, the earldom of Derby was restored to the Earl de Ferrers. In the insurrection of the barons against Henry III., the Earl of Ferrers and Derby took a very active part, but having been taken prisoner at Chesterfield, his estates were confiscated, and, along with the title of Earl of Derby, were bestowed upon Edmund, Earl of Lancaster, son of Henry III. From this period the earldom of Derby long remained united with that of Lancaster. Edmund was succeeded in the earldom of Derby and Lancaster by his son Thomas, who, on the failure of the insurrec- tion against Gaveston and Le Despenser, the favourites of Edward II., was taken prisoner and executed. Thomas was succeeded by his brother Henry, and Henry was succeeded by his son Henry that Earl of Derby who commanded the English army in Guienue. On the death of the latter, the earldom of Derby and Lancaster fell to John of Gaunt, who had married Henry's daughter Blanch. John of Gaunt was suc- ceeded by his son Heniy, afterwards Henry IV. Henry VII. conferred the title of Earl of Derby on his sup- porter, Lord Stanley, in whose family it has ever since continued. In the early part of 1642, Derbyshire was held by the royalists ; but in the October of that year Sir John Gell entered the county with a small body of infantry, and having received reinforcements, attacked
 * ' ilacclesfield, afterwards Lord Chancellor, and Dr.