Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 1.djvu/747

Rh DEAL. 737 DEANE. bury. It is situated in 51 14' N. lat., and 1 23' E. long-. Near this spot Julius Ctcsar is believed to have landed on his first invasion of Britain, in 55 B.C., but no mention is made of any town existing here till several centuries after the Romans had quitted Britain, unless the Dola of Nennius be, as Camden supposes, the same as Deal, which is spelled Dela by Leland. In 1229 it was annexed to the Cinque Ports as a member of Sandwich, and so continued until 1699, when it was made independent. The town has grown to its present size within the last two centuries. In Henry VIII.'s time Leland speaks of it as merely "a little fisher village ; " and owing to its insignificance very few events of historical importance have taken place there. Perkin Warbcck effected a landing in 149.5, and was defeated at Deal by the Sandwich trained-bands. Anne of Cleves landed here 27th December, 1539, and spent the afternoon in the castle, which was then newly built, before continuing her journey to Dover. In 1648 Prince Charles attacked the town of Deal, his fleet being stationed in the Downs; but the attempt was frustrated by Colonel Rich, with a body of parliamentary troops. In 1692 the shock of an earthquake was felt in the neighbourhood. Colonel Hutchiuson was confined in Sandown Castle after the Restoration, and died there in September, 1664. There is a considerable trade in provisions and other necessaries with the ships stationed in the Downs. Of the pilots licensed by the Cinque Ports nearly sixty belong to Deal. The town is divided into Upper and Lower, the latter being inhabited principally by the maritime and trading population, and consisting of three streets parallel with the shore. Other streets run up towards Shoulden and Great and Little Mougehain, forming Middle or Upper Deal. The houses here are mostly detached or semi-detached, and belong to the better classes. On the S. side of the town is the detached suburb of Walmer, with its ex- tensive barracks for infantry and cavalry, and many handsome villas inhabited by resident gentry. The town of Deal is well paved and lighted, under the superinten- dence of the Pavement Commissioners, and is copiously iupplied with water. At each end stands a castle, both them built by Henry VIII. in 1539 as a defence ' ist the French. Deal Castle, at the 8. end of the , consists of a round tower, surrounded by four ions, and a battery facing the sea. Sandown, the castle, stands to the N.E. of the town ; it is,
 * ver, now sold, and is being entirely pulled down,

'aimer Castle, the residence of the Lord Warden of Cinque Ports, is about a mile S. from Deal, standing to the shore. It is an ancient fortified structure. Duke of Wellington died here in 1852. The .hall stands in Lower-street, and contains portraits William III., William IV., and of Mrs. Carter, a ive of the town. The custom house is in the same iet. The other public buildings are the barracks, public library and reading-room, the pilot house, Na- 1 Provincial liank of England, savings-bank, and There is also a handsome esplanade facing the The sea-bathing is very good, and attracts a large number of visitors in the summer months. There la no harbour, but the tract of sea called the Downs, between the shore and the Goodwin Sands, affords a safe anchorage to vessels of all sizes. Off the town here is a sandbank known as Deal Bank, with only .2 feet of water in some parts, and wrecks upon these lands are not unfrequent. Deal was created a borough >y charter of William III., and returns two members ,o the House of Commons, in conjunction with Sand- wich. The municipal government is in the hands of a mayor, 6 aldermen, and 18 councillors. There are courts of record, of general sessions of the peace, and for recovery of small debts under 50. The municipal jorough contained in 1851, 1,465 inhabited houses, with a population of 7,067. In 1861 the numbers were, of louses, 1,589; of persons, 7,531. The parish is in the archdeaconry and diocese of Canterbury, and contains spacious building, with a tower at the W. end. It VOL. I. contains a brass to the memory of Thomas Boys, dated 1562. The living is a rect.,* val. 429, in the patron, of the Archbishop of Canterbury. St. George's is a perpet. cur., in the patron, of the archbishop. The church was commenced in 1707. St. Andrew's is a handsome structure, and was completed in the year 1850. The living is a perpet. cur., in the same patron. There is an Independent chapel in Lower-street, a Wesleyau chapel in Duke-street ; also places of worship for the Unitarians, Baptists, Roman Catholics, Primitive Methodists, and Calvinists. The National schools educate about 200 boys and girls. There are besides parochial schools, and one in connection with the Wes- leyau Methodists. There is a Boatmen's Benevolent Society. The pilots subscribe to a fund from which their widows receive a small annuity. Mrs. Elizabeth '-'aiter, the translator of " Epictetus," and the antiqua- rian, Boys, were born in this town. The family of Boys has resided here for some centuries. A newspaper, called the Deal and Walmer Telegram, is published in the town on Saturdays. Market days are Tuesday and Saturday, and fairs are held twice in the year, on the (3 Ui and 7th April, and the 12th and 13th October. DEAN, a par. in the ward of Allerdale-above-Derweut, in the co. of Cumberland, 4 miles S.W. of Cocker- mouth, and 5 S.E. of Workington. It is situated on the Marrow, a branch of the river Derwent, here abounding in trout, and contains the tushps. of Dean, Branthwaite, and Ullock. The population are chiefly engaged in the working of coal, limestone, and iron- ore, and in the quarries, which produce a good variety of red and white freestone, and a black stone called cat-scalp. The living is a rect.* in the dice, of Carlisle, val. 318, in the patron, of the Rev. S. Sherwen. The church, dedicated to St. Oswald, is an old structure, The tithes were commuted for land, under an Enclosure Act, in 1809, and the glebe lands comprise 650 acres, of which the greater portion is very unproductive. A free grammar-school was founded in 1596 by John Fox, which has an endowment of 10 per annum, paid by the Goldsmiths' Company. The charities amount to 14 per annum. There is a parochial school. General Wyndham is lord of the manor. DEAN, a hund. in the rape of Lewes, in the co. of Sussex, contains the par. of Patcham, comprising 4,170 acres. DEAN, a limit, in the par. of Bishops Waltham, in the co. of Hants, 1 mile N.E. of Bishops Waltham. DEAN, a hmlt. in the par. of Spelsbury, hund. of Chadlington, in the co. of Oxford, 3 miles S.E. of Chipping Norton. DEANE, a par. in the hund. of Salford, in the co. of Lancaster, 2 miles S.W. of Great Bolton. It is situated in the midst of an extensive manufacturing district, and contains Haliwell, Little Hulton, Smithills Chapel, Westhoughton, Horwich, Farmworth, and five other tnshps., several of which have their own churches and schools. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in the large cotton establishments and in the bleach- grounds. The collieries are also extensively worked. The living is a vie. in the dioe. of Manchester, val. 213, in the patron, of the lord chancellor. The church, dedicated to St. Mary, has recently been enlarged. The charities amount to 510 per annum. There are National and endowed schools. George Marsh, the Protestant martyr, was a native of this place. DEANE, a par. in the hund. of Overton, in the Kingsclere div. of the co. of Hants, 5J miles S.AV. of Basingstoke. It is a station on the South- Weetem railway. This parish formerly included that of Ashe, which was separated and formed into a distinct parish about the middle of the 17th century. The village is small and wholly agricultural. The soil is a strong clayey loam, on a substratum of chalk. The riving is a rect.* in the dioc. of Winchester, val. 336, in the patron, of W. Beach, Esq. The church is dedicated to All Saints. It was rebuilt in 1830, at a cost of 7,000, and contains several monuments, also a painting of Christ on the Cross, over the altar. The windows are 1
 * hree churches. St. Leonard's, the parish church, is a