Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 1.djvu/668

Rh 65S CORNWALL. ( ul;.(iVl;i IN, limit, in th.- ; id, in the oo ,th. si, .') mil. -. VV. i.t 1 I.!;.: COKXSAY, a tii.ihi>. in th N.V. Jiv. O i . 'ii ward, in tin: co. of Durham, li.< from Wolsingham, and 8$ W. re is an endowed school, and 1- alm-h"ii,> i n cl' d and en-
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AN WALL, u tnshp. in the par. of Lknfairtal- haiui i, r h, 4 uiilca S. of. KNWALL, a maritime co., lying at tin: S.W. ,uity of England, i 50 5t' X. lat., and 4 7' and 5" 42' W. long. It in bound the E. by Devonshire, and t sides by tie Its grcaU-st length in about MI i breadth 40 miles. In circuit it is 263 miles, 200 of which are coast, and its area is 1,365 square miles, or 873,600 statute acres, including within its limits 7o',495 houses, i of which ore inhabited, and 3,451 uninhal'iti -A. In 1831 the number of houses was 72,631, 67,987 of which were inhabited, and 4,544 uninhabited. The population of Cornwall in 1861 was 369,390, which, compared with 1851, when it was 355,558, shows an iso of 13,832, or only at the rate of 4 per This slow rate of increase is mainly attributable to the extensive emigration which has taken place from Corn- wall during the hist few years. The name Caniterida, tin islands," which was anciently applied to Cornwall and the Scilly Islands, was probably given to them by the Phoenicians, who, many centuries beiore the Christian era, frequented this portion of England, being attracted by its rich tin and copper mines. Before, and at the tune of tho Ki'in.m invasion, Cornwall was inhabited by the Lamnonii an.: ic. latter received the name which it had in tho middle ages, of Cornubia. The name Cornwall is derived from the British word kernou, "a horn," referring to tho shape of the county, and the Saxon weallas, "foreign." At what period Cornwall fell under the dominion of the Romans is not certainly known ; no mention of ita conquest being made by any of the Roman historians who have recorded the aftairs of Britain ; but, on the other hand, numerous Roman coins and other remains have been found, which leads to tho inference that this county shared tho fato of tho other southern counties of England, and was included in the division Britannia 1'riuta. On the departure of tho Romans, Cornwall regained its in- dependence ; and, during several centuries, successfully maintained it against the Saxons. In tho year 813 it was overrun by Egbert ; and again in 823, when a great battle was fought at Camelford. In 835, th. Cornwall, in conjunction with tho Danes, sustained a severe defeat at Hengsdown Hill. It was not, however, till the reign of Athelstan that Cornwall was finally reduced and incorporated with the remainder of the kingdom of England. With the exception of the ravages of the Danes, and some intestine disturbances, nothing of interest occurs for several centuries all period in the history of Cornwall. In tho reign of Edward III. Cornwall was created a dukedom ; the title of Duke of Cornwall being conferred on Edward the Black Prince. In the wars of the Roses, tin < lornilh- men generally took the side of the Lancastrians ; ami one of the battle* [' this war was fought witliin their county, nt St. Michael's Mount. On 1 1 tempting in 1495 to levy a tax for defraying the expense of a war with Scotland, the men of Cornwall rose in arms and marched to Blackheath, where they i ted, and th iken and executed. Another insnrr. eti'Mi ocenrr. 1 in 1 IH7, in support (if lYrkin Warl.ei'k, hich w,n .vuin rendered futile by ilu: flight of that pretender. During the civil war 1" Charles I. and the parliament, tin ' mi-h m. n gene- rally espoused the cause of tho king. In 1644, the ) mentarians, nndirthr Karl i.t' F,.-s"x, IK; wall; but being closely pursued by t); under the kiii in |. is'.n. were forced to retreat. Aim county was held by the royalists until tl. I'il'J. wh.-n it was rrdin- d by Fairfax. IVnileniii.x Castle, one of tho last places in England which held out for the king, did n run-. thi.niLMi side sin. i Willy, v i. ' ne *^^^i height, belong to t!
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liurniw, 1,01 arel^^^l Fowey, Alan or The Taniar rises in the hills at th. and flows in a sout fonning during almost ire, 1.11 tin- l.'lt, the I 1 .ivy ; and on the right tho Imiy, and tie . 19 of which arc t Brown Willy, and Hows for borne westerly direction : it then tnni- to the V. bo^^H .utlierly d: and the Warle^^an, and finally the borough of I i lie length of 'tl^^^l about 30 miles. The Alan i C'amelford, flows south-westward till i Lank, then turns to tin N.W., Channel a little below Padstow. Its length 29 miles. The Fal rises in th. < rnw flows south-westward past i _ and forms at its mouth a wi. 1 Harbour. Tho Looe and Seatou are inot^^^l rivers rising near LUkeard, and flow south* sea. The Hel is remarkable for the wide estu.i at its mouth. The n >t suited for purpos short and rapid. Tho canals are three Launceston, the Budo and Ilolaw. with the Tamar, and th bays, or harbours, aie .Mount Polkerris Bay, (in St. Iv.s Bayon the N. coast. Ti. Trevoso H< ;i and Penleo 1'oint. Tho climate situation bet ween two seas, ^ .subject to frcquci From : colder, and the winters wat counties ot Kngland. The soil of t is ext i especially those watered l>y ].. -nin.sula which terminates at the Lizard a north. being especuilly t two good crops of v year. Tho land in the min very b

wooded, ! and tin min. s. ( It tin- and of the latter nim Hiiro]..-. l.i ad and silver are over 1' v three wi By the ' mi tin, which ei in lien < n tin, and ( 'ornwnll i- ut -gencr he ban tin