Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 1.djvu/582

Rh 101 from lyindon liyroail. The Southampton and Dor- chest IT In- inch of t In- South- Western i. ill way has a station , about 71 inili ^ from the town. conso.juenc<: nl' its situation ir, whose stream- u littli; below the town, and fall into the eea at Christ- churr mini; a harbour which is accessible only to small ships, ami that at high wat'-r, which, however, occurs twin- i i i v ti'lr. Jt is a sub-port to Southamp- t-.ii, and was ut an early period a place of considerable importance in respect of its situation with regard to tin .I Wight ami tlio coast of Franco. Roman ami British remains have been found in the nuighhuu, lint the first historical mention of it occurs in the E niclo, where it is spoken of as the place to which Kiln Iwold retired during his revolt against his cousin- gorman, Edward the Eider. Ju the Domesday Book it described as a royal manor and borough, containing 21 messuages, and paying an annual tax of (id. The manor afterwards passed to the Montacutes, earls of Salisbury, who rebuilt the magnificent church in the 15th century, and it continued in their possession till the time of the famous Margaret Countess of Salisbury, who was beheaded by ll> ;.: VIII. in her 70th year. It afterwards passed through various hands till 1790, when it was purchased by the Bight Hon. George Rose, whoso family hold the royalties of the rivers Avon and Stour at this part of their course. The town, which is increasing, is well supplied with water, but indifferently lighted and paved. It contains a branch bank, two breweries, and several manufactories for watch fusee chains, in which about 600 persons, chiefly women and children, are employed. The local affairs of the town arc managed by a mayor, recorder, and burgesses, assisted by a town clerk ; but the judicial affairs are in the hands of the county magistrates. Previous to the Reform Bill the borough returned two members to par- liament, but since then only one. The electoral district contains about 6,332 acres, with 1,837 inhabited houses, and a population, according to the census of 1861, of 9,386, against 7,476 in 1861, showing an increase of no lea than 1,911 in the decennial period. It is the head of a Poor-law Union, of a County Court district, and a petty sessions town, the county magistrates holding their meetings here every second Monday in the- month. Courts loot and baron are also held for the manor. The par. includes the chplry. of Holdenhurst, and the tythgs. of Bure, llinton-Admiral, Hum, Parley, Iford, Tuckton, Winkton, and Burton. The living is a vie.* in the dioc. of Winchester, val. with the cur. of Holdenhurst, to which it is annexed, 166, in the patron, of the Dean and Chapter of Winchester. There are five other churches, all of which are perpet. curs. That of Bransgore, val. 73, in the patron, of T. Jesson, Esq. ; Hinton-Admiral, val. 72, in the patron of 8ir <i. Oervis and the vicar alternately; Bournemouth, .val. 60, in the patron, of Sir G. Gen-is ; High, patron, of Karl Canning ; and Pokesdpwn, val. 60, in the patron, of the vicar. The parish church is a very spacious and remarkable edifice, having much the character of a cathedral, and was once the monastic church. It is a largo cruciform structure, 31 1 feet long, with a fine embattled tower at the W. end, rising : height nf 120 feet. It consists of a nave with aisles, . with aisles, a Lady chapel and tran- ,.;. with chapels attached, the most interesting of which is the mortuary chapel, erected by Margaret Plant* Countess of Salisbury, during her life. This , building is an exceedingly good specimen of the florid perpendicular style, with a richly carved roof of tan nidi ii-. li is of the later and dei styles of Norman iirchiti eturr, with examples of tin- perpend icular in the rhoir, and a double row ol : illurs in the nave, which is 11s long. The interior contains one i I'iivea in England, n pn sonting the genealogy of Christ ; and also several monumental. -> may be mentioned one by Sir Francis (,'liai .;., and another by Flaxman, to the late Viscountess Karris, in which that lady is represented t> children the Script ure-i. The designs of tho stall* seats of the prior)' chancel exhibit a scries of '^ and grotesque carvings. At various times during Ui, ' i cntury 1 1 and to n gi of ;ho nt|. buildings, tho only portion left is tin- 1 the S. ot the church. The tiist loin originally ib dilated to the Holy Trinity, i ii obscurity; but Camdcn states that it was in erl} Saxon times founded on an ancient heatln In Kdwurd tho Confessor's reign, the ]K. uuini one prior and 'J I canons, ami hands of Kalph Flambanl, lli-hop of Durhaiu, up,,i, whom it was bestowed by William 1 1., and !. , i, ;.aii: tin- ehuicli. didicating it to Chii.st. It was on Uii- Occasion that tin t.w n a-.siiln :,elltioii of (-'hristchurch, instead of its ancient in This circumstance is thus accounted for by tie legend which relates tho history of tho buildin church. " In order to expedite so good a w-nrk, aided tho bishop with supernatural assistance, numorary workman being always obsi i hours of labour, though at the times of refresh!
 * g wagi s only tho stated number appeal

his aid everything prospered till the fabric w.i finished, when on raising a large beam to a P**^^H u where it was intended to be fixed, it was MM to be too short. No remedy appearing, the cmban^F workmen retired to their dwelling!. ' in ] tun^M the church the ensuing morning, they discoven^H the beam had boon placed in its i i. now extended a foot longer than was requisite. Sj^eeh less with surprise, tho addii i nan recqj^l their thoughts, and on recovering then agreed that no other than our Saviour con ll have tuu assisted them ; and on this account, concludes was the edifice dedicated to i beam is still pointed out by the finger of cn^H though but a small portion of the original sti mains, the greater part of the present .. n.ivin been rebuilt in tho 15th century. After t: Bishop Flambard t. the priory and it* posM sions were granted to Kaldwin, son o in Henry i.'s time, by whom the order was from secular to regular canons. .N tho annual revenue of the priory, at U was 644 61.; but Dugdalc says 317 7. 'Jrf. lti afterwards granted by Henry VIII. to tin i: for a parochial church, when only one aliquot lie-gum, Saxonice," was found in th The Roman Catholics have a chap, dependent and Wesleyan places of having attached to it largo school-rooms girls. There are likewise National, schools, besides an endowed grammar school. ( tinned* with tin- Church are several charities: Clingan's gif for apprenticing poor boys average ; 1'-"S; Admiral llrown's gift, incom Magdalene charity, formerly a hospital now distributed to the pom- - income about several others, the income of which amour the site of iln ancient priory is a b was the temporary resid- in of tin l.a. ki: Fiem-h, Louis Philippe; and near it stand old castle, a portion of tho keep ci state apartim nts, which alone remain. In Iln . vicinity of the town, about H mile to tho N., at a ] Hill, maybe traced ti y i .. t. Tri 1 am i. nt . nti . lirlimciits, al.so an exploratory i .. loiinds and barrows scattered round it. market day is Monday; and fairs arc held on Thursday and October 17th, for horses and shi CHRISTCHURCH, a par. in tin i bund, ot Caldicott, in the c o. of Mourn-", port, its post town and railway station. It m ir the river I'sli, which flows to the N. of the putti and includes tho hmlt. of Caerton-ultra-Pontom. Prttj