Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 1.djvu/562

Rh CHESIII-NT. 6.52 f HI'STKR. from Birkcnhi :ul 1" (In. stir; from Holyhead and the DM N. nth of Wales tn cluster; from Manchester ter |.. ( 'r. i from ' In we in Stoekj.ort and Manchester ; from Stoek- by Macclesfield ; ton, into Staffordshire; b i, liy North Wales, to Shrewsbury. The London and North -Western railway and its branches connect all these lines with London and with tin- North. CHESHTTNT, a par. and vil. in the hund. of Hertford, in the co. of Herts, 2milesN.W. ofWaltham Abbey, and 12 miles from London by road, or 10 by the Urea; em railway, which has a station here, "it is an extensive and pleasant village, extending along both sides of the high road, with many detached villa residences, sur- rounded by gardens and shrubberies. It was formerly a market town, and is called in Domesday Book C'ntrc- hunt. It is still a petty sessions town and chief station of the N division of the metropolitan police. The parish, situated near the river Lea and the New river, includes Cheshunt Street, Waltham Cross, and Woodsido. The living is a vie. in the dioc. of Rochester, val. 401, in the patron, of the Marquis of Salisbury. The parish church, dedicated to St. Mary, is a handsome fabric, erected in the time of Henry VI. by Nicholas Dixon, who was for 30 years rector of the parish, and whose tomb, bearing the date of 1448, is still to bo seen in the chancel. It also contains four fine monu- mental brasses, and several monuments to the memory of the Atkynses and Dacres of Cheshunt Park, once the property and occasional residence of Cardinal Wolscy. There is a district church (Trinity) at Waltham Cross, the living of which is a perpet. cur., val. 160, pat. the vicar. This place has an additional interest from having b. en the residence of Richard Cromwell, some time Protector, who, on his return from abroad after the Restoration quietly settled in this village, where he resided under the name of Clarke from 1680 till his death in 1712. Not far from the parish church is the old stone cross, recently restored ; and the Countess of Huntingdon's College, for 40 clerical students brought from Trevecca in 1792, and now affiliated to the London Univ The principal is the Rev. Dr. Harris, and the education provided is of the first class. There is also a free school y Dowhurst with 148 a year. The parochial charities produce 480 a year, to which Beaumont's trust contributes 310. There are ahnshouses at Tur- ner's Hill for 10 widows, with small endowments. In the vicinity is Theobalds, once the seat of the great Lord llurfjhley, and now the residence of Sir G. B. Proscott, Hart, who inherits the manor of Cheshunt-Paramount through the Cromwells. There are four other manors within the parish which have branched off since the Domesday Survey, when the manor was hold by Karl Alan. ' ror's nephew, -who commanded the rear of the Norman army at the battle of Hastings, and was r. warded with the earldom of Richmond, and the whole 'it l.'ichmondshire, to which this manor was an appanage. It afterwards passed to John of Gaunt, and the Fitzroys, .bsequeniiy t" the Cromwclls. There are still some remains ol a nunnery, founded by Peter dc 11. liin the reign of Stephen. At the Cheshunt Wash, near Turn- lord, hav. b. en discovered many coins of the emperors Hadrian, Claudius, and Constantino, which were exhi- ! Antiquaries by Dr. Stuk. 1. y and Mr. Sawy.r in 17~Jt. This discovery, in with the traces of an ancient camp and am towards St. Alban's, and the Roman road of Ermine induced many antiquarians to fix upon this H m. CIIKSIU'.UKNK. :i 1 :,l. in the hund. of Whit. i" I' 11 the ro. of Dorset, (i in:' N'.M. ..t D..nlie-(. i, its ]..,st town. ii a brunch c.f th<- river 1'id.lle. The liv ' T - ilisbury, val. fJ.go is a mod for th-

harriers. ( HKSILTON, a small limit, on the coast of Portland s. of Weymouth. The Chcsilbank, a pebble bea.'h outside the I sti.t'hes from this point to Ahbotsbury, mil.s. The ].. bbles are of a chalky white, withvai of jasper. CHE8LYH HAY, nncxt. par. place, in the eastern div. of the hund. of Cuttlestone, in the co. of Stafford, 4 mile* S.E. of Penkridge, its post town and railway st.r There are chapels both of the Primitive and Now ' ncxion Meth. CHKSSIN(iT( 'X, :i ]>ar.in the second div. of the huni of Copthorne, in the co. of Surrey, 4 miles S. of Kin. its post town,and4N. otK]isom. The Epsom andLeai head branch of the London and South- Western Una. passes within a few miles. The living is a cur. an to the vie.* of Maiden, in the patron, of MM; Oxford. The church, originally of the 13th cont^^H was restored and reopened in l.s.">l. The charitMl amount to 10 per annum. There are for both sexes. Henry Gosse, Esq., is lord of the in CHESTER, a city, port, municipal and parli;. tary borough, and a co. of itself, locally situated in hund. of Broxton, in West Cheshire, 1781 miles disl from London by the London and North- Western i way, and 213 by the On at V. stern, 84* from llolyhcad, 84| from Birmingham, and 62 from Manchester is connected, by the Ellesmerc canal, with tie ' and with Nantwich. It is a bonding port, and is 'i '2 mild distant from thesea. It docs not appear that Client, r was a place of any import. It was then walled round , guage Caer LUon rater, the " Camp of the Great Let It is probably identical with the Dera <.; Antoninus, and was . >oifl, or 7><r, by 'the Romans, from being half encircled by the 1 : many struggles the Saxons finally wrested it from the Britons in 830, the Danes from the Saxons in 894, and again the Saxons from the Danes in 908. It was u portant post as a fortress on the W. ]-': nd as a stronghold against Danish inva at Chester the homage of six kin^s in is told by William of Miilnu sbury, Kdgar prow of a boat on the Dee while the six kinp- oars. After the Conquest Chester fell to the si. Hugh Lupus, nephew of William th. was created Earl of Chester, and who built the can which were held the courts of the county Cheshire. From Domesday Book it appears that, at this time, there were 431 h- . and W !> ing to the bishop, and that it had a " guild u equivalent to a corporation, with a chief magi- called " pnrpoMtus regis," or provost. The descendant! of Hugh v until the reign of Henry III., when the earldom, .:. th gift of the crown, was conferred upon Pi in. whose son, Edward of Carnarvon, was the I of Wales. The title still belong! to the of the In 11.69 Henry II. met .Main IV. of Scotland ut Chester, when the ' three counties of Northumberland, Cumber!:. nd, i Westmoreland, which b :<dfi..m t crown. Edward. received the homage of th. Ylsh in this city in 1309. is one of the six cities whieh coined sib in the reign of William III. The Ch, .-:< i Mysi or]. lays founded on scriptural subjects, wi : aet.di.ytli. . church, and are attriba by some to Randle, a monk, by ot who wrote the" Poly chronioon." Their the l:;th century, and they w. re '2') in number, with ii ram- luding the < rood, math, matieians. and D.an Vhittinuha" .lator of the (Seneva I'.iM. . city Mistaincd a si. L'. of some length durin War. It was in the hands . lists, and was at . length eomjM'Ilul to surrender to Brercton, the general of tie tury army. It is said that Chanel L