Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 1.djvu/550

Rh CHATHAM. 640 I HATSWiiKTH. from Chatham, and ;ti miles 1'ron town, which lies mi tin' -Meilway, app. ' '1 to K.ai win :uid his son Kin:.,' Harold II.,:ni'l was given by William the; Compii-rer to Humon d Crcvequer, from whom it came t'l tli^ Bidlesmeres, Despenccrs, Wcnt- worths, and others, Roman tiles, weapons, coins, and other rulics of that people have been found in Chatham ; and IV' ,m '. s made in erecting the fortifi- ns, it seems probable that t lie Romans hail a era here. Human remains, discovered in the surface soil in the year 1863, near Luton, in this parish, showed evi- dence of death by sabre cuts, or wounds of a similar character, and from the position in which they were found, it v. nivd that they belonged to ancient Britons killed by the Romans in some conflict in that locality. The Dutch under Du Huyter, in 1007, having taken Shcerness, did considerable damage to Chatham ; this was the cause of additional and stronger fortifications being erected. The dockyard may be said to have been of little consequence until the time of Queen Elizabeth, who a nor Castle, at present merely a powder magazine, for defence of the dockyard and the shipping. The dockyard, which has been very much enlarged, is a mile in extent, and contains, besides offi- cers' houses, six building slips, four wet and one dry stone dock, a storehouse 660 feet long, a mast-house 240 feet, rope-house 1,128 feet, saU loft 210 feet, besides blacksmiths' shops with upwards of 40 forges and saw- mills by Brunei. A large establishment is kept up here, and in time of war as many as 3,000 workmen an- em- ployed. The arsenal and barracks extend more than 2 miles along the Modway. In consequence of the entire space at St. Mary's Creek, Chatham, hitherto used by the lioyal Engineers for carrying on their course of instruction in pontooning, diving, and sub- aqueous experiments, being required by the Admiralty for the enlargement and extension of Chatham Dock- yard, the Royal Knginecr Pontoon Depot was removed in 1863 to the opposite side of the creek, near Upnor Castle, where the pontoons and other apparatus are now located. There are live livings in Chatham. The principal one is a vie. in the dioc. of Rochester, val. 400, in Hie patron, of the dean and chapter. The church is dedicated to St. Mary, and was rebuilt in 1788, on the site of the early English one, of which remains may be scon at the W. and S.W. of the present building. It h;id a finely carved sedilia, and the shrine of Our Lady, which used to bo famous for working miracles ; then; is a brass plate recording the memory of Stephen Borough, who opened the N.E. passage to Russia. St. Paul's is a perpet. cur. val. 250, in the patron, of the Bishop of Rochester. The church was consecrated in is.il ; it is built in the Norman style, and seats upwards of 900 persons. The other three churches, St. John's, Luton, and Brompton, are all perpet. curs., the tw.i (list, which arc endowed, being in the patron, of the Vicar of Chatham, the last in that of the Rev. W. a- 'ii way. Brompton Church stands in the ]ur. nf (iilliuL'ham, but the, district was partly formed out of Chatham. Besides these churches there is also a small chapel attached to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, which is used as a chapel of ease. Near the railway station is a Presbyterian church, erected in 18C1 at a "f 1,400, on a site granted by the War Dcpart- iic-nt, a in it building of galvanised iron, with slate roofs. There are chapels for Reformed V Baptists, IndejH'iidents, Bible Christians, Irvingites, . and Unitarians. There are four sots '.Is in the |irish one attached to the parish chin Si. John's and one to St. Paul's church. :ind one at I.iiton ; the l!ii;:sh school is situated en the New l,'";i'l. Ki. M.-ive buildings hay lie .Midway fnion. Kalph I'aine, by his will h, ariii',' date 1HP2, left a sum of money in the r'unds, ii.iw amounting to about 10,000. to 'the ""I i hun i ,r the relief of decayed per- sons who are not in tho receipt of parish relict. Since the passing of tho Reform Bill in 1832, Chatham returned nun men .iation in Is.'il .,, JN.l'Jl, with 4,:t')7 inha' i, which in 1861 _ 8,010 military. The imtitinl lim- they enclose a space of 1J mile, and by forta 1'itt and < 'Ian < ud, Gilling! at tho other end, ami Spur Battory on the The defences, however, ore now undergoing a : alt' ration and improvement, in accordance with u Fortifications Bill. Amongst other works, a largo is being erected  command the mouth of tkt latter river. Within the old lines are the ii rino and St. .Mary's barracks, the n> v Solfl^l Institute, the .Melville hospital, Arc. The High Street, which is narrow, is about 1; mile in length; a consi- derable, portion of tho town itself is irregular and ill built. Behind tho Sun Inn is a pier i reeled by Colonel Best, which cost 3,000. A military school was fa|^ in 1812, and i IM ma iits are sometimes carried Oil^H a large scale, many visitors coming from a dM^^H tin m. l-'ort Claieneu forms ami..: ;;. :. but the medical school which was stationed s 1'itt, and the invaliding establishment at St. are now in course of removal to Nctlcy. t"iiited Service and Marine libraries; the Chatham ami Rochester Mechanics' Institute, which has a lihi uy 2,000 volumes ; two banks, besides a savings-bank 3,175 depositors, holding 101,'.IS2; a lepers' hunptli called St. Bartholomew's, 1 Saxon, or Bishop Gundulph, in 1078 this ho*j^l now reconstituted under a degree of tho Court o/^H eery ; the management of the income, which is canal able, and of the new building, ore intrust trustees, of whom tho Dean of Rochester is chairman another hospital for 10 decayed mariners ai wrights, founded by Sir John Hawkin- incorporated by Queen Elizabeth in victualling office, and other buildings. Ha-., Drake founded tho "Chatham Chest," in i this has since been removed to London. Ti old house in tho town which li< celebrated ship-builder of the i Chatham gives tho title of carl to the 1'itts 'J : fairs, and races have recently been CI1ATH1LL, a tnshp. in the par. of Ellii the southern div. of the ward of Bambrough, ii Northumberland, 9 miles N. of Alnwick. It is a way station on the York and Berwick line. (' 1 1 ATLEY, a hmlt. in tho par. ol 1 Gi tin hund of Witham, in the co. of ]'.-<, x, -i m, of Great Loighs, and 4 miles S.W. of Braint i (11 ATLEY, a tythg. in the par. of the hund. of name, in the co. of Somerset, 4 miles .K of Krome. i HATSNVi iK'l'H, a tnshp. in the par. of >M the hund of High 1'ial.e, in tho co. of Derby, - from London, -"> from Derby, ai It appears in 1 iniui'.-dav l'oi". then i, wind by William 1'eu ril. 'i or Lukes, and Agards, it descended Cavendish, who in 1570 began to build the which 'i wards finished by his widow. i',, unless of Shrewsbury. Mary Quern n im J prisoned at Chatsworth. It was garrisoned by tin liami ntarians in Kil.'i, and by the i.. In the church of St. Peter at Kdensor 11 t Earl of D< Hardwick, whoso fourth hn Earl of Shrewsbury, and to .' n, a la servant of Mary t^u .-a of Scots, who died whil was a pris- latsworth. Tho ]>pul.i Chatsworth in lSi;i was. ',',',, with 8 inl rtll House. Ill,- seat ,,!' the 1 (llki lirst Duke from di-.iigns by' and Wren. The great stables were built al tho north wing since IS-'i, bv Wyatvil'. are many exquisite marbles, pictures, carvings, n
 * r.iilway ; the North Kent railway has a ,; .iii,,n at