Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 1.djvu/541

Rh CHALLOW, EAST. 531 CHAPBL-CAREON. of th/< Wye station on the South-Eastern railway. It is situated between A.shibrd and Feversham, on the high road, near the river Stour, which hounds the parish on the E. The living is a cur. annexed to the vie. of j Godinershain, in the dioc. of Canterbury, in the patron. i of the archbishop. The church, dedicated to SS. Cos- ! mus and Dainion, is an ancient structure with embattled tuwer. The charities amount to 5 per annum. Here I are free schools for both sexes. The register com- mences in 1600. In the vicinity is Eastwell Park, the seat of the Earl of Winchilsoa. There is an annual cattle fjir livid on the 8th October. CHALLOW, EAST, n tnshp. and chplry. in the par. of Letcombe-Regis, hund. of Kentbury Eagle, in the co. of Berks, 1 mile W. of Wantage. It is situated on the Berks and Wilts canal. The living is a cur. united to the vie. of Letcombe-Regis. The church is dedicated to 8t. Nicholas. CHALLOW, WEST, a tnshp. and chplry. in the par. of Letcombe-Rcgis, in the co. of Berks, adjoining East Challow. The chapel of ease is dedicated to St. Lawrence. C'HALTON, a par. in the hund. of Finch Duan, in the ' co. of Southampton, 3 miles N.E. of Horn Dean, its post i, and 8 miles N. of tlio Havant station on the Brighton and South Coast railway. It includes the chplry. of Idsworth. The living is a rect.* in the dioc. of Winchester, val. with the rect. of Clanfield and cur. of Idsworth annexed, 600, in the patron, of King's Ci'llege, Cambridge. The church, dedicated to St. Michael, is an ancient edifice with a tower. Here is a National school for both sexes. Sir S. C. Jervoise, Bart., is lord of the manor. CHALTON, a hmlt. in the par. of Toddington, in the co. of Bedford, 3 miles N. of Dunstable. CHALVEY, a chplry. in the par. of Upton, hund. of Stoke, in the co. of Bucks, 2 miles N. of Windsor. It is situated near the Great Western railway. Here are British schools for both sexes. CHALVINGTON, a par. in the hund. of Shiplake, rape of Pevensey, in the co. of Sussex, 2 miles from the Berwick railway station on the Brighton line, and 5 miles W. of Hailsham, its post town. It is situated near the river Cuckmero, which bounds the parish on the E. The living is a rect. in the dioc. of Chiches- ter, val. 200, in the patron, of A. E. Fuller, Esq. The church, dedicated to St. Bartholomew, is a small ancient structure in the decorated English style of architecture, The earliest entry in its register is 1538. The manorial rights are in the jurisdiction of the Duchy of Lancaster. CHAMBOIS. See CAMBOIS, Northumberland. CHANCE-INN, a vil. in the par. of Ceres, in the co. of Fife, Scotland. It stands half-way between Ceres and C'upar. CHANDLINGS, an cxt. par. placo in tho hund. of Hormer, in the co. of Berks, near Abingdon. CHANNEL, THE BRITISH, or ENGLISH, is the name of the narrow sea which separates the southern coast of England from the northern shores of France, and unites the Atlantic on the W. with the North Sea on the E. Here it contracts into tho narrow neck called the Straits of Dover, or Pas de Calais, according to tho French, who call the whole channel La Manche. At its narrowest point, which occurs between Folkestone and Cape Grisnez, it is only 20 English miles across ; but more to the westward, between Brighton and Havre, it is above 90 miles across ; and at the broadest point, between St. Alban's Head in Dor- setshire and the harbour of St. Malo, it is about 140 miles. The command of the Channel has always hcen considered essential to the safety of England, and her contests with Spain, Holland, and France, as each of these countries became successively great naval powers, were chiefly for the possession of these waters, which at length established her supremacy on the seas. In all her naval contests with France, England has enjoyed the great advantage of deep and fe harbours, while all tho French ports along the icl are shallow, and none of them except Cherbourg capable of admitting men-of-war ; even this port is liable to be choaked with sand, and has cost the French go- vernment vast sums at different periods in attempts to deepen it, but which have been only partially successful. In 1858 the works were completed for rendering Cher- bourg the great northern arsenal of France, and its opening was inaugurated with unexampled magnificence by the Emperor in person, who invited the Houses of Parliament and the English ministry to be present on the occasion. The reason why England has some of its finest harbours on tho coast line of the Channel, while the French harbours arc comparatively insignificant, is probably explained by the fact that the current sets in from tho Atlantic, as shown by the eastern tides being stronger than the western or ebb tides, and in stormy weather tho water in the Channel is two or three feet above the surface of the North Sea. This causes tho Atlantic waves, as they roll in from the S.W., to impinge on the English coast, and gives a greater depth of water, whilo tho French coast meets the current in an oblique line. The fishing in these waters is also a matter of material consideration, and is regulated by international laws, the chief trade being in pilchards, which are taken in vast quantities off- the coasts oi' Devon and Cornwall. CHANNEL ISLANDS, the only remaining portion of tho dukedom of Normandy, now possessed by Eng- land, are situated off the coast of Brittany, and consist of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Serq, Jethou, Hcrm, Lo Marchant, and the Caskets, which see under their re- spective heads. CHANNELKIRK, or JINGLEKIRK, a par. in tho co. of Berwick, Scotland, 4 miles N.W. of Lauder. It is bounded by tho cos. of Edinburgh and Haddington, and the par. of Lauder. The land is chiefly pasture, except on tho banks of the streams, where it is arable. Many Pictish encampments and a Roman camp are found in tho neighbourhood. The par. is in the presb. of Lauder, and in the patron, of Sir H. Campbell, Bart., The stipend of the minister is 190. CHANONRY, a town in the par. of Rosemarkie, in the co. of Ross, Scotland. It was united to the burgh of Rosemarkie by a charter granted by James II., and the united towns have since been known by the name of Fortrose. It was formerly the seat of the bishops of Ross, and is now a presb. of the Established and Free Churches. On Chanonry Point a fixed light was put up in 1846, which can be seen for 11 miles. CHANTRY, a vil. 2 miles W. of Fromo, in the co. of Somerset. CHAPEL, or PONTISBRIGHT, a par. in the Witkam div. of tho hund. of Loxdcn, in tho co. of Essex, 4 miles N.E. of Coggleshall, and 6 N.E. of Halstead, its post town. It is a railway station on the Sudbury branch of the Great Eastern line, tho viaduct of which crosses this parish. Here tho Halstead branch leaves the Sudbury line. It is situated on the river Colne. The living is a perpet. cur. in tho dioc. of Rochester, val. 70, in the patron, of the parishioners. The church is an ancient structure with a spire. There are some small charities. CHAPEL, or THE CHAPEL OF ST. CLEMENT, a par. in the bar. of Bantry, in the co. of Wexford, prov. of Leinstor, Ireland, 6 miles S.W. of Enniscorthy. It is situated on tho river Boro, a tributary to the Slaney. The living is a cur. annexed to the rect. of Killegney, in the dioc. of Ossory, Ferns, and Leighlin, in the patron, of the bishop. Remains of a church and moat are still in existence. CHAPEL ALLERTON. Sec ALLERTON CHAPEL, Somersetshire. CHAPEL ASCOTE. See ASCOTK CHAPEL, Warwick- shire. CHAPEL BRAMPTON. See BiiAMpTox-CnArEL, Northamptonshire. CHAPEL-CARRON, a quondam par. in the bar. of Shelmaliere, in tho co. of Wexford, prov. of Leinstcr, Ireland. The living is a vie. in the dioc. of Ferns, an- nexed to the vie. of Killurin and some others, and in the patron, of the bishop. It is watered by the Slaney.