Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 1.djvu/506

Rh CAKXAItVOXSU I RE. 496 It in mostly of a Muo colour, and in of vcrv fine quality. Immense quantities are annually consumed" in tin- manu- facture of writing slates, both for llnti.-h and i markets. Large slab* ore also prepared for r< paving, hearth-stones, and chimney-pieces, and a gn at y 'I -MI. .11 articles ore made of the best kind*. Basalt, porphyry, quartz, and serpentine are found in the higher regions. Great Ormo's Head consisU of lime- stono, which occurs also along the shore of the Mcnai. Braich-y-Pwll is composed of Old Bed sandstone, and this species of rock also appears along the northern coast. '1 i principal metal found in this county is copper, which is worked at J>' l.lanberis, Capel Curig, and Llinian Dinlle, near Beddgclcrt. Lead ore is abun- dant in the great mines of Bwleh-haiairn, near Gwydir, where zinc is also found, and there arc other lead-mines at Gest, near I'cnmorva, and Pcnrhyn Du. Near Con- way is a quarry of millstone. Ochre is obtained near -en. The climate of Carnarvonshire has the until nil characteristics of a mountainous region with a long coastline: cold and rainy, with mists and suddi n storms of wind, and snow lying late in the year on the higher grounds, but a milder and drier air in the dis- tricts lying along the sea-coast. Of these the driest and most pleasant is the promontory of Llryn, forming the south-western extremity of the county. The general healthiness of the county is proved, like that of the rest of North Wales, by the common instances of longevity of the inhabitants. It is only a very small part of the sur- face of Carnarvonshire that is under or capable of cul- tivntion. Tracts of good land occur in the valley of nway, on the shore of the Monoi, and in Bardsey Island. The most common soils are the wide heathy pastures and peaty fiats. Little wheat is grown, the chief crops being oats, barley, and potatoes. Most of the farmers keep great numbers of cattle and sheep, which they posture on the mountains during the sum- mer. The cattle and sheep are of small and hardy breeds, the latter yielding a short, coarse wool. The golden eagle is occasionally to be seen in the mountains, and seals arc found on the coast. Many rare and in- teresting plants ore indigenous. The mountains were formerly to a great extent covered with forests, but there is little woodland in the county now. Carnarvonshire is divided for purposes of civil jurisdiction into 10 hunds., viz. : those of Commitmacn, Creuddyn, Dinlaenn, Eviiniydd, Gafflogian, Is-Uorfai, Uchaf, Isaf, v Conway, Uwch-Gorfai. These are divided into about 70 pars. The co. contains one city, Bangor, the seat of a bishopric ; one parliamentary borough, Carnarvon, to which five others are contributory Bangor, Conway, Criccicth, Nevin, and Pwllheli ; and 7 market towns, being the above six with the modern town of Tremadoc. ( ai natron is the county town. Bangor, Carnarvon, Con- way, and Pwllhcli, are seat* of Poor-law Unions and heads of County Court districts. Portmodoc is also the of a County Court district. One member is returned to tho imperial parliament by the county, and one by Car- narvon and its contributory boroughs. Tho election for the com, ty takes place at Carnarvon, and the polling s are Carnarvon, Capol Curig, Conway, and I'vvll- heli. < arnarvonshiro is in the North Wales circuit, and the assizes and quarter sessions are held at Carnar- von. It is in the home military district. The iiiinciit is entrusted to a lord-lieutenant, high sheriff', and a body of about 30 magistrates. The CO. is almost entirely in the dice, of Bangor, in the prov. nt'Tbiiry. Carnarvon has no important manu- tants are engaged in trade. Agriculture forn principal employment of the jM-ople ; and next to that, mining and quarrying, in which above 6,000 persons ugaged. Tho herring fishery i- along n Bardsey Island and Pwllhcli. '1'ln' antiquities of tin- county are numerous, l>ut chiefly military. i I primitive stone circl near Peiiinorva, at Dwygytvlchi, n Hwleli ( 'laigwen ; tl i. and Ccfn Amlwch. Itcmains of British fortresses exist in several places. Tin- prim ijml are those of Tre' Ceiri, on the summit f Vr Kill, I'.i aidi-y-Dinai, on Pi nmacn-.Mawr, Dinas Dinorweg, DigHnwy, and Caste tun. The Roman stations of Sejontium and Co iioriiint have already been referred to, as have also thr magnificent castles of Carnarvon and Conway, two o the finest in the kingdom. Kuins of other castle* i seen at Criccicth, on the 8. coast; at Dolba Llanberis ; at Diganwy, near Great Ormo's Head; it I ' Iwyddelan. There wore five monastic ments in this county, but few remains of the are left : these are of tho abbey in Bardsey I that at Maenan, near Llanrwst ; and of the Beddgclcrt. The most inter, -Ming i Imreh.- cathedral of Bangor, and the chui mcrly collegiate, and Llandegai. Tho principal Mi tho nohility ana gentry in Carnarvonshire lowing: Clyiillifi'ii 1 'art, the seat of Lord Newboroi Gloddaeth, that of Lord Mostyn ; Gwydir Ha (dir; Nant Hall, of Sir Williams, Ha: rhyn Castle, of tho Hon. Colonel Pennant ; Vaei, I,(. i. Amlwch, Nanthoran, Maenan, Arc. The Chert llidyhc 'ad railway irvonshire near C and running along tho coast to Bangor, crosses th* by tho Britannia tubular bridge. A branch lin that point is now constructed to Carnarvon, when continued as far as Nantlle. Another 1 nan. h is pi from Conway, up tho valley of tho Conway, to Lisa- rwst. There ore several railroads connecting thafll shite quarries with the coast. The principal the following : from Conway along the coast and Carnarvon ; from Carnarvon, by Dolliad; and Capel Curig, to Llanrwst ; or from i the coast, to Kevin, and thence south-eas; holi ; from tho samo place, by Belt ws, 1 1 to Beddgelert and Tremadoc. The northern ]>art 0< county is crossed by the road from Shrewsbury to head, which enters near Bettws-y-Coed, ami i Capel Curig north-westward to Bangor, v ricd across the Menai suspension bridge i CARNAUX I !Kt:, a ul. in the bar. of ' the oo. of Clare, prov. of Munstcr, Ireland. ..V. of Kilfunora. CAKM'.KK.apar. in the co.of 1 .. r, mile to tho S. of St. Andrew's. It is si: iiilly dii triet, partly cultivated and partly moorland, tains Kellio Castle, formerly tho seat of tlie Karli c Kcllie, but now belonging to the i castle stands in a romantic spot m-ir i trap rock called Kellio Law, which is i foot high, and was one of tho - tho great trigonometrical sin found in abundance in the parish, and there are alt limestone and freestone quarries. The presb. of St. Andrew's, and in the patron. Anstruthi r, Itart. The ii.ini.-ter lias a ^ Tho church, which stands on high. i uncio date. There is a Free ehun-h at An about 4 mil' s in length and llh. t'A liM'ASTI.K, a par. in the l>ar. ot ' I'pjB'i ' in the co. of Antrim, pro. ot I'l.-t, i. In land, I mile*' I>anie. It on the coast of the North ( 'hanm 1, and incliM Mills. About Smile- oil tin M .. : Kock Lights, and at Ballygally Head i* a coateai station d much limestone and coal arc IOBI in the district. Tho living is a rcct. in tho dioe. Down, Connor, and Uromoro, val. 067, in th of the bishop. The rect, is attached to tin i St. Saviour's, Connor. The church was built a'. There is aU ir., worth i'.Hl, iu tin '!;uy. Then tiyterians. a jiameliial and oilier Khool-. ' was the site of a castle, ruins of which still CM are B"- - of the old manor-house. CAUXt'dKI), a par. in the tnshji. of (ilynbrochi and par. of Llangirrig, hund. of Llanidloes, in t
 * .-, anil hut a small proportion of the inhabi-
 * omen,-, Xorth Wales, 3 miles to the 8.

Llanidloes.